The Human Body In Health And Illness: Ch. 8

Front 1

How many bones are in the human body

Back 1

206

Front 2

A common bone disorder that causes loss of bone tissue especially in post-menopausal women

Back 2

Osteoporosis

Front 3

Sizes and shapes of bone are classified as these four types.

Back 3

Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular bones

Front 4

Another name for bone is __________ tissue.

Back 4

Osseous

Front 5

Another name for bone cells is _______________.

Back 5

Osteocytes

Front 6

Osteocytes secrete minerals like calcium, phosphate, and protein fibers outside the cell that make them hard. This material is called the ________.

Back 6

Intercellular matrix

Front 7

Dense, hard bone tissue found primarily in the shafts of long bones and on he outer surfaces of other bones.

Back 7

Compact bone

Front 8

Less dense bone located primparily at the ends of the long bones ind in the center of other bones. Has two names

Back 8

Spongy or cancellous bone

Front 9

The microscopic unit of bone is called the _____________or _________________

Back 9

Osteon or Haversian system

Front 10

What does an osteon lcontain?

Back 10

Mature osteocytes arranged in
in concentric circles around large blood vessels with the surrounding intercellular matrix containing minterals, and protein fibers

Front 11

The plates in spongy or cancellous bone are called __________

Back 11

Trabeculae

Front 12

The strong part of the bone that is mostly made of compact bone

Back 12

Diaphysis

Front 13

The enlarged ends of long bones are called the __________

Back 13

Epiphysis

Front 14

The epiphysis is made up of this and also is covered by another material

Back 14

thin layer of compact bone overlying spongy bone, covered by cartilage

Front 15

The band of hyaline cartilage in the epiphysis of a long bone is called the ________ or_________

Back 15

epiphyseal disc or growth plate

Front 16

What kind of bone growth occurs at the epiphyseal disc?

Back 16

Longitudinal

Front 17

The hollow center of the diaphysis

Back 17

Medullary cavity

Front 18

In infancy the medullary cavity is filled with _____________

Back 18

Red bone marrow for blood cell prduction

Front 19

As an adult the memdullary cavity is filled with _____________

Back 19

Yellow bone marrow (fat)

Front 20

The tough fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outside of the bone everywhere except the articular cartilage

Back 20

Periosteum

Front 21

This type of cartilage is found on the ends of the epiphysis, and forms a smooth, shiny surface that decreases friction within as joint

Back 21

Articular

Front 22

A joint is also called an ____________

Back 22

articulation

Front 23

A three month old fetus has an early skeleton-like frame that is composed of ________-and _____________

Back 23

cartilage and connective membrane

Front 24

The process whereby the cartilage and connective tissue membrane of the fetal skeleton become bone is called ______________

Back 24

Ossification

Front 25

The flat bones of the skull are initially constructed of __________

Back 25

Connective tissue membranes

Front 26

What type of cells migrate into the connective tissue membrane of flat bones to turn it into bone

Back 26

Osteoblasts

Front 27

In long bones what material is replaced by osteoblasts

Back 27

Cartilage

Front 28

Longitudinal bone growth (growing longer) occurs at the _____________

Back 28

Epiphyseal disc or growth plate

Front 29

What hormones stop the longitudinal growth of bone

Back 29

Estrogen and Testosterone

Front 30

Which hormone causes the bones to quit growing longitudinally the soonest

Back 30

Estrogen

Front 31

As a bone grows wider it does not become any heavier because _______ cells remove bone from the medullary canal and ________ cells add bone to the outside of the bone

Back 31

Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts

Front 32

A large rounded knob that usually articulates with another bone

Back 32

Condyle

Front 33

An enlargement near or above a condyle

Back 33

Epicondyle

Front 34

An enlarged and rouned end of a bone

Back 34

Head

Front 35

A small, flatened surface

Back 35

Facet

Front 36

A ridge on a bone

Back 36

Crest

Front 37

A prominent projection on a bone

Back 37

Process

Front 38

A sharp projection on a bone

Back 38

spine

Front 39

A knoblike projection

Back 39

Tubercle (tuberosity)

Front 40

A large tubercle found only on the femur bone

Back 40

Trochanter

Front 41

An opening through a bone uaually serves as a passageway for nerves, blood vessels, or ligaments

Back 41

foramen

Front 42

A depression or groove in a bone

Back 42

Fossa

Front 43

A tunnel or tubelike passageway

Back 43

Meatus

Front 44

A cavity or holow space

Back 44

Sinus

Front 45

A bone brreak (fracture) in whih local tissue damage is minimal and the bone does not break the skin

Back 45

Closed or simple fracture

Front 46

A bone break in which the end(s) of the bone break the skin and soft tissue damage is major. Repair within 4 hours will reduce risk of infection

Back 46

Open or compound fracture

Front 47

An incomplete fracture in which the bone breaks incompletely and usually occurs in children

Back 47

Greenstick or incomplete fracture

Front 48

What are the two types of osseous tissue that make up bone?

Back 48

compact (dense bone) and spongy (cancellous)

Front 49

This part of the skeleton includes the bones of the skull, hyoid bone, bones of the middle ear, vertebral column and bony thorax

Back 49

Axial skeleton

Front 50

This part of the skeleton includes bones of the extremities, hip and shoulder girdles

Back 50

Appendicular skeleton

Front 51

The bony structure that encases and protects the brain

Back 51

Cranium

Front 52

This bone forms the forehead and upper eye area

Back 52

Frontal bone of cranium

Front 53

These two bones form the upper sides of the head and the roof of the cranial cavity

Back 53

Two parietal bones

Front 54

These two bones form the area known as the temples

Back 54

Two temporal bones

Front 55

The opening on the temporal bone that is the opening for the ear is officially called the _____________

Back 55

external auditory meatus

Front 56

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone forms part of the _____________

Back 56

Cheekbone

Front 57

The sharp process on the temporal bone where several tongue and laryngeal muscles attach is called the ?

Back 57

Styloid process

Front 58

Another large process on the temporal bone where neck muscles attach?

Back 58

The mastoid process of the temporal bone

Front 59

This bone is located at the back and base of the skull.

Back 59

Occipital bone

Front 60

The large hole in the occipital bone that allows passage of the spinal cord is called the _______________.

Back 60

foramen magnum

Front 61

This bone is butterfly shaped and forms part of the floor and sides of the cranium.

Back 61

Sphenoid bone

Front 62

The depression in the spenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland is known as the "Turks saddle" or the _________

Back 62

Sella Tursica

Front 63

this irregularly shaped bone locaed between the eye orbits helps form the nasal cavity and contains a sinus

Back 63

Ethmoid bone

Front 64

The lower jaw bone that carries the teeth

Back 64

Mandible

Front 65

What joint is formed by the two upright projections on the mandible where they contact the temporal bone

Back 65

Temporomandibular joint

Front 66

The grinding of teeth during sleep

Back 66

Bruxism

Front 67

These two bones fuse to form the upper jaw, and has an extension that forms part of the hard palate

Back 67

Maxilla

Front 68

these two bones form the posterior part of the hard palate and failure to close causes cleft palate

Back 68

Palatine bones

Front 69

These bones form the cheekbones and also a part of the orbit of the eye

Back 69

Zygomatic bone

Front 70

These air-filled cavities located in central parts of bones of the skull lessen skull weight and increase the sounf of the voice

Back 70

Sinuses

Front 71

Name the four paranasal sinuses:

Back 71

frontal, ethmoidal, spenoidal, and maxillary sinuses

Front 72

The bones of the adult skull are held together by a unique type of joint called a _____________

Back 72

Suture

Front 73

An abnormal curvature of the spine involving he lateral curvature of the thoracic vertebrae is called __________

Back 73

Scoliosis

Front 74

An exaggerated thoracic curvature , sometimes also referred to as a hunchback is known as a _______________

Back 74

Kyphosis

Front 75

An exaggerated lumbar curvature is sometimes called a swayback or ______________

Back 75

Lordosis

Front 76

The ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae form the _________

Back 76

Thoracic cage

Front 77

The three parts of the sternum are the _______, ________, and ___________

Back 77

Manubrium, body, xyphoid process

Front 78

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

Back 78

12 pair

Front 79

The top seven pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage and are therefore called

Back 79

True ribs