The Human Body In Health And Disease

Front 1

Disease

Back 1

The condition or syndrome , as defined by a characteristic set of signs and symptoms

Front 2

pathology

Back 2

study of disease

Front 3

etiology

Back 3

cause or origin of a disease

Front 4

idiopathic

Back 4

disease with undetermined cause

Front 5

Pathogenesis

Back 5

the actual pattern of a diseases development

Front 6

endemic

Back 6

A disease that is native to a local region

Front 7

Pandemic

Back 7

epidemic that spread through out the world

Front 8

epidemic

Back 8

spread of a disease to individuals at the same time within a defined geographic region

Front 9

epidemiology

Back 9

the study of the occurrence , distribution and transmission of diseases in humans

Front 10

patho-physiology

Back 10

study of underlying physiological processes associated with disease.

Front 11

health

Back 11

physical , mental ,and social well-being not merely the absence of disease

Front 12

Disease

Back 12

an abnormality in body function that threatens health.

Front 13

Disease can be fought through _______ and ________

Back 13

Disease can be fought through prevention and therapy

Front 14

Mechanisms of disease are

Back 14

Genetic Mechanism
Infectious mechanism
Neoplastic mechanism
Traumatic mechanism
Metabolic mechanism
Inflammatory mechanism

Front 15

Risk factors or predisposing condition are?

Back 15

Genetic factors
Age
Lifestyle
Stress
Environmental factors
Preexisting conditions

Front 16

Inflammatory mechanism

Back 16

Autoimmunity
Inflammation
Degeneration

Front 17

Viruses are?

Back 17

*Microscopic, intracellular parasites that consist of a nucleic acid core with a protein coat

*Invade host cells and pirate organelles and raw materials

* Viruses are Classified by shape, nucleic acid type, and method of reproduction

Front 18

Mechanisms of disease

Back 18

Physical and chemical agents
Autoimmunity
Inflammation
Degeneration

Front 19

Bacteria have ?

Back 19

Tiny cells without nuclei
Secrete toxins, parasitize host cells, or form colonies

Front 20

Bacteria are Classified by what?

Back 20

*By growth requirements that is Aerobic or Anaerobic
*By staining properties (depend on composition of cell wall)
Gram-positive , Gram-negative
*By shape and size
* ability to form spore

Front 21

Aerobic—

Back 21

require oxygen

Front 22

Anaerobic

Back 22

require no oxygen

Front 23

By shape and size of bacteria

Back 23

Bacilli
Cocci
Curved or spiral rods
Small bacteria

Front 24

Fungi

Back 24

Simple organisms similar to plants but lacking chlorophyll

*Yeasts

*Molds

*Mycotic infections

Front 25

Protozoa

Back 25

*Large one-celled organisms that have organized nuclei
*May infest human fluids and parasite or destroy cells

Front 26

Major groups of Protozoa are ?

Back 26

Amoebas
Flagellates
Ciliates
Sporozoa (coccidia)

Front 27

Major groups of Pathogenic animals

Back 27

Nematodes—roundworms
Platyhelminths—flatworms and flukes

Arthropods- vectors of disease

Front 28

Arthropods—

Back 28

Arthropods—these are often vectors of disease
mosquitoes, spiders
Parasitic mites, ticks, lice, fleas
Biting or stinging wasps, bees,

Front 29

Mechanisms of transmission
of disease or pathogens

Back 29

*Person-to-person contact
*Environmental contact
*Opportunistic invasion
*Transmission by a vector

Front 30

Other prevention and treatment strategies

Back 30

Vaccination—stimulates immunity
*Chemicals—destroy or inhibit *pathogens
*Antibiotics
*Synthetic compounds (e.g., ACV and AZT)

Front 31

Neoplasms (tumors)

Back 31

Neoplasms (tumors)—abnormal growths of cells
*Benign tumors
*Malignant tumors
*Metastasis

Front 32

Can you list the 5 factors that play a role in causing cancer?

Back 32

*Genetic factors
* Carcinogens- chemicals that alter genetic activity
*Age- changes in cell activity over time or accumulated effects of cell damage
*Environment- chronic exposure to damaging substances
* Viruses - cause change in genetic machinery

Front 33

Benign, connective tissue tumors are ?

Back 33

Lipoma—adipose (fat) tumor
Osteoma—bone tumor
Chondroma—cartilage tumor

Front 34

Benign, epithelial tumors are ?

Back 34

Papilloma—fingerlike projection
Adenoma—glandular tumor
Nevus—small, pigmented tumor

Front 35

Carcinomas (malignant epithelial tumors)

Back 35

Melanoma—involves melanocytes
Adenocarcinoma—glandular cancer

Front 36

Sarcomas (connective tissue cancers)

Back 36

Lymphoma—lymphatic cancer
Osteosarcoma—bone cancer
Myeloma—bone marrow tumor
Fibrosarcoma—cancer of fibrous tissue

Front 37

Causes of cancer with regards to cell growth

Back 37

Cancer involves
Hyperplasia
Anaplasia

Front 38

Hyperplasia

Back 38

increase cell reproduction , increase size of tissue

Front 39

Anaplasia

Back 39

production of abnormal undifferentiated cells

Front 40

Pathogenesis of cancer
or
Methods of detecting cancers

Back 40

*Self-examination
*Diagnostic imaging
*Biopsy (e.g., Pap smear)
*Blood tests

Front 41

Staging of cancer involve ?

Back 41

Staging—classifying tumors by size and extent of spread

Front 42

Grading of cancer involve ?

Back 42

Grading—assessing the likely pattern of a tumor’s development

Front 43

Cachexia in cancer patients

Back 43

Cachexia—syndrome including appetite loss, weight loss, and general weakness

Front 44

Inflammation mediators

Back 44

histamine, prostaglandins, and kinins)