The Human Body: An Orientation

Front 1

Study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationship to one another.

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

Greek word meanings of antomy

Back 2

Tomy - to cut

Ana - apart

Front 3

The study of how the body and its parts work or function.

Back 3

Physiology

Front 4

Subdivisions of Anatomy

Back 4

1. Cytology

2. Developmental

3. Embryology

4. Gross

5. Microscopic

6. Pathological

7. Radiographic

8. Regional

9. Surface

10. Systematic

Front 5

Aka superficial anatomy wherein the external features of the body are being studied by sight, without dissection.

Back 5

Surface Anatomy

Front 6

An approach to anatomic study organized by organ systems.

Back 6

Systemic Anatomy

Front 7

Study of large body structures which are easily observable.

Back 7

Gross anatomy

Front 8

An approach to anatomic study based on regions, parts, or divisions of the body.

Back 8

Regional anatomy

Front 9

It is an anatomy discipline which involves the study of anatomy through the use of equipments such as x-ray.

Back 9

Radiographic anatomy

Front 10

The study of the structural changes of an individual from fertilization to adulthood.

Back 10

Developmental anatomy

Front 11

The study of the structural and compositional changes that occur in organs and tissues as a result of disease.

Back 11

Pathological anatomy

Front 12

Study of very small structures in the body like cells and tissues that can only be seen through a microscope.

Back 12

Microscopic anatomy

Front 13

Study of the development of the embryo.

Back 13

Embryology

Front 14

Study of cells.

Back 14

Cytology

Front 15

Structural organization of matter

Back 15

Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

Front 16

Atoms combine to form molecules.

Back 16

Chemical level

Front 17

A molecules which is made from 20 different amino acids.

Back 17

Proteins

Front 18

A molecule known as simple sugar, an immediate source of energy.

Back 18

Carbohydrates

Front 19

A molecule made for nucleotides

Back 19

Nucleic acids

Front 20

A molecule known as fatty acids and glycerol, a reserved form of energy.

Back 20

Lipids

Front 21

Subtypes of tissues

Back 21

1. Epithelial

2. Connective

3. Muscular

4. Neural/ Nervous

Front 22

the type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of your body's organs, is no different. It has differently sized and shaped cells.

Back 22

Epithelial tissue

Front 23

Tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs.

Back 23

Connective tissue

Front 24

A soft tissue that composes muscles in animal bodies, and gives rise to muscle's ability to contract.

Back 24

Muscular tissue

Front 25

The main component of the brain and spinal cord which regulates and controls bodily functions and activity.

Back 25

Neural or nervous tissue

Front 26

Basic life processes

Back 26

1. Metabolism

2. Responsiveness/ Irritability

3. Movement

4. Growth

5. Differentiation

6. Reproduction

Front 27

Sum of all biochemical processes of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

Back 27

Metabolism

Front 28

Ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment.

Back 28

Responsiveness/ Irritability

Front 29

Includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system.

Back 29

Movement

Front 30

An increase in number of cells, size of cells, tissues, organs, and the body. Single cell to multicellular complex organism.

Back 30

Growth

Front 31

Process a cell undergoes to develop from a unspecialized to a specialized cell. Unique identity of an organism like fingerprint.

Back 31

Differentiation

Front 32

Formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual.

Back 32

Reproduction

Front 33

2 forms of metabolism

Back 33

1. Anabolism - building biomolecules

2. Catabolism - destroying/tearing down biomolecules

Front 34

Digestion

Back 34

Catabolism

Front 35

Inhalation and exhalation

Back 35

Anabolism

Front 36

Salt can irritate muscle

Back 36

Movement

Front 37

Potassium inside sodium outside

Back 37

Movement

Front 38

2 forms of growth

Back 38

1. Accretion - outside

2. Intussusception - inside

Front 39

Hair and nails

Back 39

Accretion

Front 40

Height, weight

Back 40

Intussusception

Front 41

2 forms of reproduction

Back 41

1. Sexual - highest form of reproduction/ fusion of special cells (egg and sperm cell)

2. Asexual - lower form of rrprofuction/ normal cell division/ only one type of cell is involved

Front 42

2 forms of sexual reproduction

Back 42

1. Intercourse

2. Copulation

Front 43

A type of mating behavior which means embrace. It is known for frogs' asexual reproduction.

Back 43

Amplexus

Front 44

Subdivisions of Physiology

Back 44

1. Cell physiology

2. Systems

3. Pathophysiology

4. Exercise

5. Neuro

6. Endocrinology

7. Cardiovascular

8. Immuno

9. Respiratory

. Renal

10. Renal11. Reproductive

11. Reproductive

11. Reproductive

Front 45

Structural organization of matter

Back 45

1. Chemical level

A. Atoms

B. Molecules

2. Cells

3. Tissues

4. Organs

5. Organ systems

Front 46

4 biologically important organic molecules in the human body

Back 46

1. Proteins

2. Complex carbohydrates

3. Nucleic acids

4. Lipids

Front 47

Smallest structural and functional units of the human body.

Back 47

Cells

Front 48

Group of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.

Back 48

Tissues

Front 49

Composed of two or more tissues work together to provide specific functions and they usually have specific shapes

Back 49

Organs

Front 50

Organ systems

Back 50

1. Integumentary system

2. Skeletal system

3. Muscular system

4. Nervous system

Front 51

Anatomy and physiology

Back 51

1. Endocrine system

2. Cardiovascular system

3. Lymphatic system

4. Respiratory system

5. Digestive system

6. Urinary system

7. Reproductive system

Front 52

Occurs at the intracellular, cellular, organ levels.

Back 52

Movement

Front 53

Equilibrium of the body's internal environment produced by the interaction of organ systems and regulatory processes (feedback systems)

Back 53

Homeostasis

Front 54

A dynamic condition in response to changing conditions

Back 54

Homeostasis

Front 55

2 body systems that largely control the body's homeostatic state

Back 55

1. Nervous system

2. Endocrine system

Front 56

Homeostasis is continually being disrupted by external stimuli and internal stimuli.

Back 56

True

Front 57

Disruptions are usually mild and temporary

Back 57

True

Front 58

If homeostasis is not maintained, death may result

Back 58

True

Front 59

Intense heat, cold, lack of oxygen

Back 59

External stimuli

Front 60

Psychological stresses, exercise

Back 60

Internal stimuli

Front 61

Basic life processes

Back 61

1. Metabolism

2. Responsiveness

3. Movement

4. Growth

5. Differentiation

6. Reproduction

7. Homeostasis

Front 62

Components of feedback loop

Back 62

1. Receptor

2. Control center

3. Effector

Front 63

Monitors a controlled condition

Back 63

Receptor

Front 64

Determines next action

Back 64

Control center

Front 65

Receives directions from the control center

Back 65

Effector

Front 66

Produces a response that changes the controlled condition

Back 66

Effector

Front 67

Homeostasis imbalances

Back 67

1. Disorder

2. Disease

Front 68

A general term for any change or abnormality of function

Back 68

Disorder

Front 69

A more specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

Back 69

Disease

Front 70

One that affects one part or a limited region of the body.

Back 70

Local disease

Front 71

Affects either the entire body or several parts

Back 71

Systemic disease

Front 72

A standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references

Back 72

Anatomical position

Front 73

Anatomical position

Back 73

1. Standing upright

2. Facing the observer, head level

3. Eyes facing forward

4. Feet flat on the floor

5. Arms at the sides

6. Palms turned forward (ventral)