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152 Cards in this Set
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Study of the structure and shape of the body |
Anatomy |
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The word “anatomy” Greek root means? |
To cut apart |
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Studying large and easily observable structures |
Gross Anatomy |
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Study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye |
Microscopic Anatomy |
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Study how the body and its parts work or function |
Physiology |
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What are the Levels of Structures Organization |
Chemical or Molecular Level Cellular Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ System Level Organism Level |
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Atoms bond to form molecules with three-dimensional structures |
Chemical or Molecular Level |
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A variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell |
Cellular Level |
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Are the basic structural and functional units of organisms |
Cells |
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Is a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them |
Tissue Level |
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Is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions |
Organ Level |
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Group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of function |
Organ System Level |
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Many organ system work harmoniously together to perform functions of an independent organism. |
Organism Level |
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Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss and helps produce Vitamin D |
Integumentary System |
Skin hair nails and sweat glands |
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Provides protection and support, allows movement produce blood cells and sgores minerals and adipose tissue.
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Skeletal System |
Bones Ligaments and joints |
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Body movements maintains posture and produce body heat |
Muscular System |
Muscles attached to the skeletons by tendons |
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Major regulatory system that influences metabolism growth and reproduction |
Endocrine System |
Glands such as pituitary that secrete hormones |
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Major regulatory that detects sensations and controls movements physiological processes and intellectual functions |
Nervous System |
Brain spinal cord nerves and sensory receptors |
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Transport materials in body via blood pumped by heart |
Cardiovascular System |
Oxygen heart blood vessels Nutrients |
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Returns fluids to blood vessels |
Lymphatic System |
Dispose of debris |
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Keeps blood supplies with oxygen, removed carbon dioxide |
Respiratory System |
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Breaks down food |
Digestive System |
Allow for nutrient absorption into blood |
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Eliminates nitrogenous wastes |
Urinary System |
Maintains acid-based balance |
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Site of fertilization and fetal development |
Female Reproductive System |
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Transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones |
Male Reproductive System |
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What are the 8 Maintaining Life |
Maintain Boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth |
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Ability to sense changes and reacts |
Responsiveness |
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Break-down and delivery of nutrients |
Digestion |
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Chemical reactions within the body |
Metabolism |
Production of energy |
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Elimination of wastes from metabolic reactions |
Excretion |
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A production of future generation |
Reproduction |
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An increasing of cell size and number |
Growth |
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What are the survival needs? |
Nutrients Oxygen Water Stable Body Temperature Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate |
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Maintenance of a stable internal environment a dynamic state of equilibrium |
Homeostasis |
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A disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease |
Homeostasis Imbalance |
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Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli) |
Receptors |
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Determines set point and appropriate response |
Control Center |
Analyzes information |
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Provides a mean for response to the stimulus |
Effector |
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Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity |
Negative Feedback |
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Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther |
Positive Feedback |
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A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward |
Anatomical Position |
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A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward |
Anatomical Position |
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Allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain where one body structure is in relation to another |
Directional Terms |
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A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward |
Anatomical Position |
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Allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain where one body structure is in relation to another |
Directional Terms |
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Upper part of a structure |
Superior (cranial) |
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A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward |
Anatomical Position |
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Allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain where one body structure is in relation to another |
Directional Terms |
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Upper part of a structure |
Superior (cranial) |
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Lower part of a structure or the body |
Inferior |
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A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward |
Anatomical Position |
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Allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain where one body structure is in relation to another |
Directional Terms |
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Upper part of a structure |
Superior (cranial) |
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Lower part of a structure or the body |
Inferior |
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Front of the body |
Anterior (Ventral) |
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Lower part of a structure or the body |
Inferior (Caudal) |
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Backside of the body |
Posterior (Dorsal) |
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Backside of the body |
Posterior (Dorsal) |
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Midline of the body; inner side of the body |
Medial |
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Away from the midline of the body; outer side of the body |
Lateral |
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Between a more medial and more lateral structure |
Intermediate |
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Between a more medial and more lateral structure |
Intermediate |
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Close to the origin of the body part |
Proximal |
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Between a more medial and more lateral structure |
Intermediate |
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Close to the origin of the body part |
Proximal |
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Farther from the origin of a body part |
Distal |
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Between a more medial and more lateral structure |
Intermediate |
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Close to the origin of the body part |
Proximal |
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Farther from the origin of a body part |
Distal |
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At the body surface |
Superficial (external) |
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Between a more medial and more lateral structure |
Intermediate |
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Close to the origin of the body part |
Proximal |
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Farther from the origin of a body part |
Distal |
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At the body surface |
Superficial (external) |
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Away from the body surface |
Deep (internal) |
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Between a more medial and more lateral structure |
Intermediate |
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Close to the origin of the body part |
Proximal |
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Farther from the origin of a body part |
Distal |
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At the body surface |
Superficial (external) |
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Away from the body surface |
Deep (internal) |
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To designTe specific body areas |
Regional Terms |
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Cut along the lengthwise of the body |
Sagittal Section |
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Cut along the lengthwise of the body |
Sagittal Section |
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Passes through the midline of the body |
Median (Midsagittal) Section |
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Cut along the lengthwise of the body |
Sagittal Section |
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Passes through the midline of the body |
Median (Midsagittal) Section |
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Vertically from right to left |
Frontal (Loronal) Section |
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Cut along the lengthwise of the body |
Sagittal Section |
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Passes through the midline of the body |
Median (Midsagittal) Section |
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Vertically from right to left |
Frontal (Loronal) Section |
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Cut along a horizontal plane |
Transverse ( cross) section |
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Space inside of the body skull |
Cranial Cavity |
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Space inside of the body skull |
Cranial Cavity |
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Extends from the cranial activity nearly to the end of the vertebral column |
Spinal Cavity |
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Space inside of the body skull |
Cranial Cavity |
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Extends from the cranial activity nearly to the end of the vertebral column |
Spinal Cavity |
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Surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm |
Thoracic Cavity |
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Space inside of the body skull |
Cranial Cavity |
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Extends from the cranial activity nearly to the end of the vertebral column |
Spinal Cavity |
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Surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm |
Thoracic Cavity |
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Bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles |
Abdominal Cavity |
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Space inside of the body skull |
Cranial Cavity |
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Extends from the cranial activity nearly to the end of the vertebral column |
Spinal Cavity |
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Surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm |
Thoracic Cavity |
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Bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles |
Abdominal Cavity |
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Small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis |
Pelvic Cavity |
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Divided into four more or less equal regions is? |
Quadrants |
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Divided into four more or less equal regions is? |
Quadrants |
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4 Quadrants |
RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ |
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Divided into four more or less equal regions is? |
Quadrants |
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4 Quadrants |
RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ |
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Centermost region |
Umbilical Region |
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Divided into four more or less equal regions is? |
Quadrants |
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4 Quadrants |
RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ |
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Centermost region |
Umbilical Region |
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Located superior to the umbilical region |
Epigastric Region |
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Divided into four more or less equal regions is? |
Quadrants |
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4 Quadrants |
RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ |
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Centermost region |
Umbilical Region |
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Located superior to the umbilical region |
Epigastric Region |
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Inferior to the umbilical region |
Hypogastric (pubic) region |
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Divided into four more or less equal regions is? |
Quadrants |
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4 Quadrants |
RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ |
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Centermost region |
Umbilical Region |
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Located superior to the umbilical region |
Epigastric Region |
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Inferior to the umbilical region |
Hypogastric (pubic) region |
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Lateral to the hypogastric region |
Right and Left Iliac (inguinal) regions |
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Divided into four more or less equal regions is? |
Quadrants |
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4 Quadrants |
RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ |
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Centermost region |
Umbilical Region |
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Located superior to the umbilical region |
Epigastric Region |
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Inferior to the umbilical region |
Hypogastric (pubic) region |
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Lateral to the hypogastric region |
Right and Left Iliac (inguinal) regions |
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Lie lateral to the umbilical region |
Right and Left Ilumbar Regions |
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Divided into four more or less equal regions is? |
Quadrants |
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4 Quadrants |
RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ |
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Centermost region |
Umbilical Region |
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Located superior to the umbilical region |
Epigastric Region |
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Inferior to the umbilical region |
Hypogastric (pubic) region |
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Lateral to the hypogastric region |
Right and Left Iliac (inguinal) regions |
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Lie lateral to the umbilical region |
Right and Left Ilumbar Regions |
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Flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs |
Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions |
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Study of the body systems |
Systemic Anatomy |
Nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, skeletal systems |
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Study of the body systems |
Systemic Anatomy |
Nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, skeletal systems |
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Study of the organization of the body areas |
Regional Anatomy |
Head, abdomen, or arms |
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Study of the body systems |
Systemic Anatomy |
Nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, skeletal systems |
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Study of the organization of the body areas |
Regional Anatomy |
Head, abdomen, or arms |
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Study of external features |
Surface Anatomy |
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Study of the body systems |
Systemic Anatomy |
Nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, skeletal systems |
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Study of the organization of the body areas |
Regional Anatomy |
Head, abdomen, or arms |
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Study of external features |
Surface Anatomy |
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Involves the use of x-rays, MRI, ultrasound |
Anatomical Anatomy |
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