Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
When was the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) passed?
|
August 1914
|
|
|
What kind of powers did DORA give the government? And list as many examples as you can
|
DORA gave the government extensive powers to control information and impose fines for a range of new offenses:
-The government could imprison people without trial -The government could requisition land or buildings -The government introduced British Summer Time (BST) to give workers more daylight hours -The sale of alcohol was strictly controlled. -Pub opening times were restricted to 12-3pm and 6.30-9.30pm -Beer was watered down and customers were not allowed to buy a round of drinks -Lights had to be put out or kept to a minimum -Permits were needed to keep homing pigeons -It became illegal to talk about military matters in public, light a bonfire, fly a kite, feed bread to wild animals or buy binoculars |
|
|
DORA also gave government power to censor and control news, only news issued by who could be published?
|
GHQ (army headquarters) or government departments
|
|
|
What could happen to a newspaper if it published unauthorised material?
|
The newspaper could be taken to court
|
|
|
What happened to letters written by soldiers?
|
They were censored by officials in the armed forces
|
|
|
Why did the government censor information?
|
To ensure the public did not find out about the worst features on the Western Front, especially the heavy casualties and poor living conditions
|
|
|
What was the newspaper created by the troops called and why?
|
Daily Liar, named after the Daily Mail, it was so subjective.
|
|
|
Which newspaper closed down for 2 weeks and why?
|
The Globe, after printing an article about a senior politician
|
|
|
The sinking of which ship was not reported until when? and when did it sink?
|
HMS Audacious, the end of the war. Sunk on 24th October 1914
|
|
|
What did the government set up to contol propaganda and when?
|
War Propaganda Bureau in September 1914
|
|
|
List 4 authours the War Propaganda recruited
|
Thomas Hardy, H.G Wells, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Rudyard Kipling
|
|
|
In the first 5 years of operation how many things did the Bureau publish?
|
over 2.5 million
|
|
|
In the early months of the war what did the government use propaganda for?
|
to ensure support for the war and to encourage men to join the war effort
|
|
|
From 1915, films were made to encourage support for the war effort and in 1916 what film was made and how many people watched it?
|
The Battle of the Somme, 20 million people watched it.
|
|
|
What happened after the Battle of the Somme was shown in cinemas?
|
Instead of encouraging support, it actually produced anti-war feelings as it showed pictures of British wounded.
|
|
|
In what year was the Ministry of Information set up to produce films?
|
1918
|
|
|
Who was the Minister of War?
|
Lord Herbert Kitchener
|
|
|
Intially, how many volunteers were asked for by Lord Kitchener? And of what age?
|
100,000 volunteers, aged 19-30
|
|
|
By the end of August 1914 how many men had volunteered?
|
300,000
|
|
|
In what areas was recruitment most successful?
|
Areas of high unemployment
|
|
|
For what reasons did men join up?
|
Out of duty and patriotism, to get away from the boredom of their daily life or they believed that the war would be over by Christmas
|
|
|
After the intial months of the war volunteers slackened off, by December 1914 the number of volunteers had fallen to ....?
|
117,000
|
|
|
When did volunteer numbers hit 88,000?
|
Feb 1915
|
|
|
What was the 'Pals battalion'?
|
A battalion where new recruits were placed in units with friends, fmaily and neighbours to make them feel at home
|
|
|
Why did the government stop recruiting for 'Pal's battalion'?
|
There were heavy losses on the first day of the Battle of the Somme e.g. Leeds Pals lost 750 out of 900
|
|
|
When was the National Registration Act passed?
|
July 1915
|
|
|
What did the National Registration Act do?
|
Meant that all single men,and later married men, aged 16-65 had to give their names
|
|
|
In October 1915 what did the government introduce to encourage men to enlist voluntarily or 'attest' to a duty to enlist if they were asked?
|
Derby Scheme
|
|
|
What is conscription?
|
Compulsory military service
|
|
|
When was conscription introduces in Britian and by which Act?
|
January 1916, by the Military Service Act of January 1916
|
|
|
What did the Military Service Act of 1916 make ... do?
|
Made unmarried men between ages of 18-41 liable for service in the armed forces
|
|
|
When was the Military Service Act of January 1916 extended to inculde married men?
|
May 1916
|
|
|
On what 4 grounds could Conscripts claim exempton for?
|
1) Ill Health
2) reserved occupation (in an industry of national importance) 3) Family responsibilty 4) Conscientious objection |
|
|
What is conscription?
|
Compulsory military service
|
|
|
What did someone who claimed exemption have to do?
|
Go before a Military Tribunal and prove that they deserved to be exempt from service
|
|
|
When was conscription introduces in Britian and by which Act?
|
January 1916, by the Military Service Act of January 1916
|
|
|
What did the Military Service Act of 1916 make ... do?
|
Made unmarried men between ages of 18-41 liable for service in the armed forces
|
|
|
When was the Military Service Act of January 1916 extended to inculde married men?
|
May 1916
|
|
|
On what 4 grounds could Conscripts claim exempton for?
|
1) Ill Health
2) reserved occupation (in an industry of national importance) 3) Family responsibilty 4) Conscientious objection |
|
|
What did someone who claimed exemption have to do?
|
Go before a Military Tribunal and prove that they deserved to be exempt from service
|
|
|
What did Conscientious Objectors do?
|
Objected to conscription and refused to fight
|
|
|
Give three reasons as to why most conscientious objectors refused to fight?
|
1) some, like Quakers, refused to fight on religious grounds
2) some rejected it on political grounds 3) some said they were pacifists |
|
|
Name 2 groups conchies formed
|
1) The Stop the War Committee
2) No Conscription Fellowship |
|
|
What were 'alternativists' prepared to do?
|
carry out civilian work provided it was not under military law
|
|
|
What were 'Non-Combatants' prepared to do?
|
prepared to work in the armed forces provided they were not expected to fight. served in hospitals, drove ambulances and even dug trenches
|
|
|
how many 'absolutists' were imprisoned?
|
1500
|
|
|
What happened to some 'absolutists'?
|
71 died in jail, 31 went mad
|
|
|
Why was Britain vulernable to shortages?
|
brought most of its food from abroad
|
|
|
What did the Germans rely on to attack merchant ships in the North Atlantic taking food to Britain?
|
U-Boats
|
|
|
In April 1917 how many tons of merchant ships did the German U-boats sink?
|
866,000
|
|
|
The sinking of the merchant ships left Britain with how many weeks of wheat?
|
6
|
|
|
what foods did the government ration?
|
sugar, butter, meat, jam and tea
|
|
|
The threat of German U-boats was eventually overcome by the introduction of what?
|
Convoys and Depth chargers
|
|
|
Why was Britain vulernable to shortages?
|
brought most of its food from abroad
|
|
|
What were convoys?
|
Merchant ships protected by naval destroyers
|
|
|
What did the Germans rely on to attack merchant ships in the North Atlantic taking food to Britain?
|
U-Boats
|
|
|
What were depth chargers?
|
Explosives dropped by destroyers designed to detonate at certain depths and sink submarines
|
|
|
In April 1917 how many tons of merchant ships did the German U-boats sink?
|
866,000
|
|
|
The sinking of the merchant ships left Britain with how many weeks of wheat?
|
6
|
|
|
what foods did the government ration?
|
sugar, butter, meat, jam and tea
|
|
|
The threat of German U-boats was eventually overcome by the introduction of what?
|
Convoys and Depth chargers
|
|
|
What were convoys?
|
Merchant ships protected by naval destroyers
|
|
|
What were depth chargers?
|
Explosives dropped by destroyers designed to detonate at certain depths and sink submarines
|
|
|
What were new munitions factories opened for?
|
Planes, weapons and ammunition
|
|
|
Many women gave up their jobs as domestic servants for the freedom that wages in munitions factories gave them. How many women worked in munitions factories?
|
247,000 for the high wages of £3.00 a week
|
|
|
Why were women who worked in munitions factories named canaries?
|
Chemicals in these factories caused their hair to fall out, and skin to turn yellow. Chemicals led to breathing difficulties, blood poisoning and even brain damage.
|
|
|
In 1917 a fire where caused an explosion that killed 69 people and injured 400?
|
Silvertown Munitions Work in East London
|
|
|
in 1915 there were strikes against women workers, what did the government have to do?
|
Sign agreements with unions that women would not keep their jobs at the end of the war
|
|
|
What was one complaint of male workers?
|
Dilution, they were afraid that employement of unskilled women doing the same work as skilled men would lead to lower wages
|
|
|
How many women worked in engineering?
|
800,000
|
|
|
How many women joined the 'Lands Army?
|
18,000 (full time) 30,000 (part time)
|
|
|
Name some womens organisations:
|
-Womens voluntary police service
-The first aid nursing yeomanry (FANY) -Voluntairy Aid Detachments (VAD) -Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) -Women's Royal Navy Service(WRNS) -Womens Royal Air Force (WRAF) |
|
|
In 1919 how many women were working as primary school teachers?
|
They occupied more than half of all posts
|
|
|
In what year did banks use women to collect money from branchers in the city?
|
1916
|
|
|
When was the first woman diplomat appointed by the British government?
|
1917
|
