Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
3 main purposes of blood?
|
- deliver nutrients and oxygen
- remove waste - maintain homeostasis |
|
|
What is interruption of blood's delivery of nutrients to the body cause?
|
Ischemia
|
|
|
What does interruption of blood's removal of waste from the body cause?
|
Toxicity and cell death
|
|
|
What is interruption of blood's delivery of homeostasis for the body cause?
|
- Hypothermia and hyperthermia for temperature
- Hemophilia and thrombopenia for clotting - Alkalosis and acidolosis for chemical balance |
|
|
What is the purpose and shape of the two circuits of the cardiovascular system and what are they called?
|
A figure 8; Deliver nutrients and remove waste
Pulmonary system and systemic system |
|
|
What does the pulmonary system do?
|
Blood transportation from heart to lungs and back
|
|
|
What does the systemic system do?
|
Blood transportation from heart to entire body and back
|
|
|
What are the two blood constituents?
|
Plasma and 'formed elements'.
|
|
|
What portion of the blood is plasma?
And what does plasma consist of? |
- 55% of the blood
91% water and 9 % protein |
|
|
What does the protein portion of plasma consist of?
|
Antibodies, clotting factors, nutrients and gases.
|
|
|
'Formed elements' is what % of blood and where is it produced?
|
- 45%
- In the red bone marrow |
|
|
What 3 parts does the formed elements consist of?
|
- Red blood cells - erythrocytes
- White blood cells - leukocytes - Platelets - thombocytes |
|
|
What ingredient is the most common in the formed elements? What is their shape?
|
- The red blood cells
- Biconcave discs |
|
|
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin for the purpose of ..... and ...... and is the major contributor to blood.....
|
1. Binding to oxygen for transport
2. Carrying carbon dioxide for elimination 3. Viscosity - thickness |
|
|
Explain what happens when someone has sickle cell anemia.
|
The normally donut shaped red blood cells are misshaped and oxygen cannot attach.
|
|
|
What gives blood its red color?
|
The hemoglobin (iron)
|
|
|
What is the main function of hemoglobin?
|
To carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
|
|
|
Describe leukocytes and their purpose.
|
- The white blood cells are colorless and round.
- Protect the body from foreign materials/pathogens/cellular debris |
|
|
Name four characteristics of the thrombocyte.
|
Platelets:
1. Smallest formed element 2. Not a cell no nuclei/no DNA 3.Fragments are released from larger cell - megakaryocyte 4.Essential for clotting |
|
|
What does 'hemostasis' mean?
|
Stoppage of bleeding
|
|
|
What are the 3 steps in hemostasis?
|
1.Contraction of smooth muscles in blood vessel wall
2.Formation of platelet plug ( platelets get sticky and swell) 3.Formation of blood clot (fibrin threads from injury bind with sticky platelet) |
|
|
What is 'anemia' and how many people have it in the US?
|
Diminished oxygen carrying capacity.
3.4 million; mostly women |
|
|
Name 8 types of anemia.
|
1.Idiopathic anemia
2.Nutritional 3.Iron deficiency 4.Folic acid 5. Pernicious 6.Hemorrhagic 7.Hemolytic 8.Aplastic |
|
|
Which one of a variety of anemias is massage temporarily helpful for?
|
Idiopathic anemia
|
|
|
Some signs to look for, due to anemia?
|
Pale, dyspnea, fatigued, rapid heart rate and intolerance to cold.
|
|
|
What is the disease that has 'absence of various clotting factors' called?
|
Hemophilia
|
|
|
What's about massage for hemophilia clients?
|
Rigorous massage is contraindicated.
Energetic work could be helpful for pain and stress |
|
|
Complications for hemophilia?
|
- Intracranial bleeding is leading cause of death in children.
- Bleeding into joint capsules - Infected blood products |
|
|
Two main characteristics of the body's blood circulation system?
|
- Continuous one-way circuit of the blood vessels
- Propelled by the heart |
|
|
Where is the heart?
|
- Between the lungs
- left of the mid-line of the body - In the mediastinum - Apex pointed towards the left |
|
|
What are the three tissue layers of the heart wall?
|
Endocardium
Myocardium Epicardium |
|
|
What tissue layer lines the heart's interior?
|
The endocardium
|
|
|
What tissue layer of the heart is the thickest?
|
Myocardium
|
|
|
What tissue layer of the heart is the thin outermost layer and also the visceral layer of the pericardium?
|
The epicardium
|
|
|
What is the pericardium?
|
The sac that encloses the heart
|
|
|
Receives low oxygen blood returning from the body - what portion of the heart does that?
|
The Right Atrium
|
|
|
The Right Ventricle of the heart does what?
|
Pumps blood from the Right Atrium to the lungs
|
|
|
The Left Atrium of the heart does what?
|
Receives high-oxygen from the lungs
|
|
|
What chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
|
The Left Ventricle.
|
|
|
What do the superior and inferior vena cava do?
|
Brings blood low in oxygen into the Right Atrium.
|
|
|
What are the main 2 types of valves of the heart called and what are their main purpose?
|
Atrioventricular valves are entry valves
Semilunar valves are exit valves |
|
|
What are the 2 types of atrioventricular valves?
|
The tricuspid (the right) and the bicuspid (the left).
|
|
|
What are the two types of semilunar valves?
|
The pulmonary valve and the aortic valve.
|
|
|
What does the pulmonary trunk do?
|
Brings deoxygenated blood from Right Ventricle to the lungs.
|
|
|
What are the branches of the pulmonary trunk that enter each lung called?
|
Pulmonary arteries
|
|
|
What do the pulmonary veins do?
|
Bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium
|
|
|
What is the vessel called that brings blood from the Left Ventricle to the body?
|
The aorta
|
|
|
An artery is a vessel that carries blood from the heart. True or False?
|
True
|
|
|
Which is the heart chamber with the thickest walls?
|
The Left Ventricle
|
