The Heart Chapter 21 Exam 3

Front 1

What circuit of the heart carries carbon
dioxide-rich blood from the heart to the gas
exchanging surfaces of the lungs? What side
of the heart powers this circuit?

Back 1

 Pulmonary circuit
Right

Front 2

What circuit of the heart carries oxygen-rich
blood from the heart to the body’s tissues?
What side of the heart powers this circuit?

Back 2

Systemic circuit
Left

Front 3

The heart is located, in its own cavity,
between the lungs. What is the space that
contains the heart’s cavity as well as large
blood vessels, respiratory tubes, and the
esophagus called?

Back 3

Mediastinum

Front 4

Describe the position of the heart in the
chest.

Back 4

2/3 to the left of midline

Front 5

The heart is contained within its own
container/wrapper formed by an inner
serous layer (parietal pericardium) and an
outer fibrous layer (fibrous pericardium).
What is the term for this wrapper?

Back 5

Pericardial sac

Front 6

Outer layer (visceral pericardium) –

Back 6

Epicardium

Front 7

Middle, muscular layer –

Back 7

Myocardium

Front 8

Inner layer, continuous with lining of blood
vessels –

Back 8

Endocardium

Front 9

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by
specialized junctions that both tie the cells
together and allow ions to pass through.
What do we call these specialized
junctions?

Back 9

Intercalated discs

Front 10

What structure, consisting of bands of
collagen and elastic fibers, stabilizes the
muscle and valves of the heart and isolates
the atrial and ventricular muscle to allow
independent contraction?

Back 10

Fibrous skeleton

Front 11

Sulci of the heart
 Between atria and ventricles –

Back 11

Coronary sulcus

Front 12

Sulci of the heart
Anteriorly between ventricles –

Back 12

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Front 13

Sulci of the heart
Posteriorly between ventricles –

Back 13

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Front 14

Mammals and birds have a 4-chambered
heart. What structures separate the left and
right portions of each chamber type?

Back 14

 Interventricular septum-Separates the ventricles

 Interatrial septum-
Separates the atria

Front 15

What is the function of the heart valves?

Back 15

To prevent the backflow of blood

Front 16

What chambers of the heart receive blood
from the body or lungs?

Back 16

 Atria

Front 17

List the 3 vessels that drain into the right
atrium.

Back 17

 Superior vena cava
 Inferior vena cava
 Coronary sinus

Front 18

List the vessels that drain into the left
atrium

Back 18

Pulmonary veins

Front 19

What valves separate the atria from the
ventricles? Between the L atrium and L ventricle -
Between the R atrium and R ventricle –

Back 19

*L. Atrioventricular valve
 Bicuspid or mitral

*R. Atrioventricular valve
 Tricuspid

Front 20

What structures attached to the
atrioventricular valves and muscles in the
ventricles look like white strings?

Back 20

Chordae tendineae

Front 21

What muscles, found in the ventricles, are
attached to these strings and help ensure
proper valve function?

Back 21

Papillary muscles

Front 22

What chambers pump blood through the 2
circuits (to the body or to the lungs)?

Back 22

Ventricles

Front 23

What vessel carries blood from the left
ventricle and what valve is found between
the chamber and this vessel?

Back 23

 Aorta
 Aortic semilunar valve

Front 24

What vessel carries blood from the right
ventricle and what valve is found between
the chamber and this vessel?

Back 24

 Pulmonary trunk
 Pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 25

Describe the status of the valves during
ventricular systole (contraction).

Back 25

 Atrioventricular
 closed
 Semilunar
 open

Front 26

Describe the status of the valves during
ventricular diastole (relaxation).

Back 26

 Atrioventricular
 open
 Semilunar
 closed

Front 27

What 2 arteries originate at the base of the
ascending aorta?

Back 27

Right and Left coronary arteries

Front 28

List the 2 main branches of the L coronary
artery.

Back 28

*Circumflex branch
*Anterior interventricular branch

Front 29

List the 2 main branches of the R coronary
artery.

Back 29

 *Right marginal artery
 *Posterior interventricular artery

Front 30

What do we call an interconnection between
arteries that allows collateral circulation
(blood from one artery can flow into the
area provided by the other)?

Back 30

Anastomosis

Front 32

Why does blood bypass the pulmonary
circuit in the fetus and when does this end?

Back 32

 Lungs are collapsed causing pressure in vessels
 First breath

Front 33

What do we call the hole in the fetal
interatrial septum and what does it become
(no longer a hole) after birth?

Back 33

 Foramen ovale
 Fossa ovalis

Front 34

What do we call the short vessel that
connects the pulmonary trunk of the fetus to
the aorta and what does it become after
birth?

Back 34

 Ductus arteriosus
 Ligamentum arteriosum

Front 35

In the anterior IV sulcus and L coronary sulcus

Back 35

Great cardiac vein

Front 36

In the posterior IV sulcus

Back 36

Middle cardiac vein

Front 37

Along the right ventricle and R coronary sulcus

Back 37

Small cardiac vein