The Heart

Front 1

The heart is about the size of a _____.

Back 1

fist

Front 2

Where is the heart located?

Back 2

The mediastinum (medial cavity of the thorax)

Front 3

Layers of the heart covering?

Back 3

Outer to inner: Pericardium(fibrous pericardium), serous pericardium(parietal layer, Visceral Layer (Epicardium)

Front 4

Where does the pericardal cavity lye?

Back 4

Between the parietal and visceral layers, and contians a film of serous fluid

Front 5

Which layer is composed mainly of cardiac muscle?

Back 5

myocardium

Front 6

what reinforces the heart?

Back 6

connective tissue that makes up the fiberous skeliton of the heart

Front 7

which layer contains serious fluid?

Back 7

The inner moste layer: pericardial cavity

Front 8

What divides the heart longitudinally?

Back 8

the interatrial septum

Front 9

What forms most of the anterior surface of the heart?

Back 9

The right ventricle

Front 10

What dominates the inferior aspect of the heart?

Back 10

The left ventricle

Front 11

What encircles the heart like a crown?

Back 11

the coronary sulcus

Front 12

What are pectinate muscles?

Back 12

the muscles on the inside of the atria

Front 13

Where does the superior vena cava return blood from?

Back 13

the body superirior to the diaphragm

Front 14

Where does the inferior vena cava return blood from?

Back 14

the body regions below the diaphragm

Front 15

Where does the coronary sinus collect blood from?

Back 15

the myocardium

Front 16

What makes up most of the volume of the heart?

Back 16

The ventricles

Front 17

What muscle covers the inner wall of the ventricles?

Back 17

Trabeculae carneae

Front 18

What are the discharging chambers of the heart/ actual pumps?

Back 18

The venticles

Front 19

Where does the right ventricle pump blood into?

Back 19

The pumonary trunk, which routes blood to the lungs where gas exchange occures

Front 20

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?

Back 20

The left vebtricle eject blood into the aorta; the largest artery in the body

Front 21

What do the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs form?

Back 21

The pulmonary circuit

Front 22

The blood vessels that cary the functional body supply to and from all body tissues form_____?

Back 22

The systemic circuit

Front 23

Which side of the heart is the pulmonary circuit pump?

Back 23

The right side

Front 24

Blood returning from the body (oxygen poor blood & carbon dioxide rich) enters the heart via____ and then passes into ___ where it is pumped to the lungs via_____

Back 24

the right atrium, to the right ventricle, to the lungs, via the pulmonary trunk

Front 25

Once in the lungs, the newly oxygenated blood is carried by the ____veins, back to the the ____ side of the heart

Back 25

pulmonary veins back to the left side of the heart

Front 26

Freshley oxygenated blood leaving the lungs is returned via the ____ and passes into the _____which then transports it into the ____

Back 26

left atrium and passes into the left ventricle, which then passes it into the aorta

Front 27

From the aorta the smaller sytemic arteries transport the oxygen rich blood to the _______ where ________ is exchanged across the capillary walls

Back 27

body tisssues , where gasses and nutrients are exchanged

Front 28

After the blood is again load with carbon dioxide, it returns through the ____veins to the ____ side of the heart, where it enters the right atrium, through the ________

Back 28

systemic veins, to the right side of the heart, enter right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava

Front 29

Which ventricle takes about five times as much friction or resistance to the blood flow?

Back 29

the left ventricle

Front 30

What is the shortest circulation in te body?

Back 30

coronary circulation

Front 31

The left coronary arter divides into what two major branches?

Back 31

the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery

Front 32

What does the anterior interventricular arter supply blood to?

Back 32

interventricular septum and the anterior walls of both ventricles

Front 33

Where does the circumflex artery supply blood to?

Back 33

the left atrium and the posterior walls of the elft ventricle

Front 34

What does the right coronary artery branch into?

Back 34

The marginal artery and the posterior intraventicular artery

Front 35

Where does the marginal artery supply blood to?

Back 35

the myocardium of the lateral right side of the heart

Front 36

Where does the posterior ntraventricular artery supply

Back 36

the posterior ventricular walls

Front 37

What is the coronary sinus made of?

Back 37

cardiac veins joined together

Front 38

Where do the anterior cardiac veins empty in?

Back 38

anteriorly into the right atrium

Front 39

Agina Pectoris

Back 39

thoracic pain caused by a deficiancy of blood dilivery to the myocardium

Front 40

What is a myocardial infraction known as?

Back 40

Heart Attack

Front 41

What is the right av valve?

Back 41

tricuspid valve

Front 42

What is the left av valve known as?

Back 42

the mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

Front 43

Chordae Tendineae

Back 43

"heart strings" anchors the cusps to the papillary muscles

Front 44

What do the Semilunar valves belong to?

Back 44

the aortic and pulmonary valves

Front 45

The heart behaves as one, this is known as_____

Back 45

functional syncytium

Front 46

What is the rule for the cardiac muscle contractions?

Back 46

It either contracts as a whole or not at all

Front 47

Length of absolute refratory period in cardiac and skelital muscle.

Back 47

cardiac 250 ms, skelital 1-2 ms

Front 48

Why does caediac muscle have a greater dependance on oxygen for energy metabolism than skelital muscle?

Back 48

It has more mitochondrea than skelital muscle

Front 49

What is action potential initiated by?

Back 49

autorythmic cells

Front 50

Arhythmias

Back 50

irregular heart rythems

Front 51

Fibrillation

Back 51

rappid and irregular or out of phase contractions

Front 52

ectopic focus

Back 52

abnormal pacemaker

Front 53

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Back 53

the av node

Front 54

Alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle.

Back 54

Pulse

Front 55

Often referred to as the pacemaker of the heart because it sets the rate of depolarization for the heart as a whole.

Back 55

Sinoatrial Node

Front 56

This wave indicates depolarization of the atria just before atrial contraction

Back 56

P Wave

Front 57

A heat rate over 100 bpm

Back 57

tachycardia

Front 58

When a “blood pressure cuff” is placed around the arm and in- flated to a pressure higher than the systolic pressure, circula- tion to the forearm is occluded. As this pressure is released, characteristic sounds are heard, which indicate the resumption of blood to the forearm. What are these sounds called?

Back 58

Sounds of Korotokoff

Front 59

A double walled fibrous sac that encloses the heart.

Back 59

Pericardium

Front 60

The graphic recording of the electrical charges occurring during the cardiac cycle is called a/an ____________?

Back 60

ECG

Front 61

The apex of the heart is located at the ______________ and is in line with the middle region of the left clavicle.

Back 61

5th Intercostal Space

Front 62

The length of a normal cardiac cycle

Back 62

0.8 sec.

Front 63

One superficial pulse point that may be readily palpated.

Back 63

Radial Pulse

Front 64

The left atrioventricular valve

Back 64

Bicuspid Valve

Front 65

These arteries ascend through the lateral neck and at the superior border of the

Back 65

Common Carotid Arteries

Front 66

Supplies the duodenum and the stomach

Back 66

Common hepatic artery

Front 67

Site where exchanges of food and gases are made

Back 67

Capillaries

Front 68

Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Back 68

Pulmonary trunk

Front 69

Longest vein in the body, superficial

Back 69

Femoral Artery

Front 70

Supplies the small intestine

Back 70

Superior mesenteric artery

Front 71

Artery usually palpated to take the blood pressure

Back 71

Brachial Artery

Front 72

Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs

Back 72

Pulmonary vein

Front 73

Blood enters which of these vessels during ventricular systole?

Back 73

Aorta and pulmonary arteries

Front 74

The tricuspid valve is closed

Back 74

When the ventricle is in systole

Front 75

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Back 75

Isovolumetric relaxation

Front 76

Stenosis of the mitral valve may initially cause a pressure increase in the

Back 76

Pulmonary circulation

Front 77

if we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid:

Back 77

Slow calcium channels in the pacemaker tissue would be cycling at a greater rate

Front 78

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?

Back 78

Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

Front 79

Histologically, the _________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.

Back 79

Tunica intima (interna)

Front 80

A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the:

Back 80

Right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

Front 81

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by:

Back 81

Intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms

Front 82

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except:

Back 82

Decreased size of the heart muscle