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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Heart
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-in pericardial cavity within mediastinum
-anterior to vertebral column -bordered lateraly by pleural cavities -14X9 cm (fist) general size |
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Cardiac muscle
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striated
branched involuntary intercalated discs |
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intercalated disc
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consist of desmosomes and gap junctions
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gap junctions
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-provide very tight connections between cells
-allow ions to diffuse between cells |
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desmomsomes and gap junctions of intercalated discs
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ensure rapid, efficient transmission of signals
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myocardium fibers work as
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one unit
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intercalated discs allow all the fibers to behave as
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single, coordinated unit
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either the heart contracts as a whole,
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or it doesnt contract at all
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pulmonary circuit
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right blood to lungs
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systemic circuit
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left blood to body
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study of the heart
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100 years
cardiology |
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heart is a pump
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14,000 per day
2.5 billion beats per lifetime |
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which mammal has the largest heart
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blue whales weighs-1 ton
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smallest heart
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bumble bee bat
weighs less than a penny |
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pericardial cavity
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sits in fluid filled protected by pericardium
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2 layers of pericardium
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fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium |
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fibrous pericardium
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protects heart
anchors heart to surrounding prevents overfilling DCT |
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parietal pericardium
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serous membrane thick and slick
-reduces friction |
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3 layers of heart
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-visceral pericardium (epicardium)
-myocardium -endocardium |
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visceral pericardium (epicardium)
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-outermost layer
-epithelial tissue and connective tissue -protects, reduces friction |
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myocardium
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-cardiac muscle
-thick middle layer |
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endocardium
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-apithelial tissue and connective tissue
-covers everything within heart -protects, reduces friction -inner most layer |
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4 chamers
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right and left atria
right and left ventricles |
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auricle on each atrim
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adds a little extra atrial volum
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atrium plural
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atria
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flow thru heart 4 step process
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-right atrium
-right ventricle -left atrium -left ventricle |
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right atrium
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receives unoxygenated blood from body
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right ventricle
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sends blood to lungs
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left atrium
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receives oxygenated blood from lungs
(walls on left are thicker) |
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left ventricle
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sends blood to body
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vessels entering and leaving heart
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superior and inferior vena cava
- pulmonary trunk/artery -pulmonary vein -aorta |
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superior and inferior vena cava
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empty into RA
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pulmonary trunk/artery
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leaves RV
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pulmonary vein
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empties into LA
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aorta
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leaves LV
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valves
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keep blood from going backward open and closes
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2 atrioventricular valves
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tricuspid valve
bicuspid (mitral) valve |
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atrioventricular valves
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separate atria from ventricles
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tricuspid valve
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3 flaps- prevents backflow into right atrium
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bivuspid (mitral) valve
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2 flaps- prevents back flow into left atrium
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chordae tendineae
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heart strings attached to flaps- helps to keep them working properilly
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papillary muscles
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control chordae tendineae
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2 semilunar valves
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pulmonary valve and aortic valve (3 half moon shaped cusps each)
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pulmonary valve
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prevents back flow into right ventricle
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aortic valve
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prevents back flow into left ventricle
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valves secured to a
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fibrous skeleton of DCT (help stay attached to heart muscle)
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coronary arteries
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serve myocardium
aorta make a quick u-turn to give blood to heart |
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interference of coronary circulation can be serious 2 types
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angina pectoris
myocardial infarction |
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angina pectoris
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partial blockage or narrowing/ painful
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myocardial infarction
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complete blockage
-tissue beyond blockage killed |
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angiogram
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used to find blockages
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unoxygenated blood from myocardium
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enters RA directly via coronary sinus
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the cardiac cycle
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systole
diastole both atria contract/ both ventriles contract 1-2 sec. |
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systole
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period of contraction
-atria systole and ventricular systole |
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diastole
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period of relaxation
-atrial diastole and ventricular diastole |
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Two part LUB DUB
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sound of heart beating due to valves slamming shut
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resting pulse
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70-80 beats per minute
athletes often have slower resting pulses |
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lub
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atria closing shut
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dub
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semilunar valves slamming shut
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heart beats kept rhythmic and
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synchronized by electrical signals
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sinoartrial (SA) Node "pacemaker"
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-upper wall of RA
-spontaneously generates electrical signals to keep heart beating |
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electrocardiogram (ECG)
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reflects electrical activity
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fetal circulation
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fetus not using lungs
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foramen ovale
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hole between 2 atria
-blood can go from right atrium directly into left atrium |
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fossa ovalis
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stay open until born when adults can see visual mark
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ductus arteriousus
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-connects pulmonary artery to aorta
-blood can go from right ventricle directly into aorta |
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ligamentum arteriousum
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reminant of ducts arteriosus in adults
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fibrous pericardium- parietal pericardium
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pericardial-heart
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cardi
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heart
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pulmo
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lung
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myo
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muscle
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epi
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above
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endo
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inside
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bi
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2
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tri
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3
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base
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lies just beneath 2nd rib (top of heart most action
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septum
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interventricular suptum
interatrial septum |
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apex
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-
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interventricular septum
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seperates 2 ventricles - 4 champers right and left atrium
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interatrial septum
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seperates 2 atria
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