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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the Guide, laboratory animals include __________.
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any vertebrate animal used in research, teaching, or testing
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The Guide endorses the responsibilities of investigators as stated in _____________________.
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the US Government Principles for Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research and Training
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The emphasis of the Guide has changed from engineering standards to _____________________.
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performance standards (specifying the desired outcome but not the means of achieving it)
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The Guide uses the verb ____ for broad programmatic or basic aspects considered to be imperative.
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must
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The Guide uses the verb ____ as a strong recommendation for achieving a goal.
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should
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Recommendations for farm animals used for food and fiber research are published in ________________.
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the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals used in Agricultural Research and Teaching
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At least one veterinarian qualified through _______ _________ must be associated with the animal care and use program of an institution.
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experience or training in laboratory animal science and medicine or in the species being used
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The guide specifies what three members must belong to the IACUC?
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veterinarian (certified or with training or experience) practicing scientist, public member to represent community interests
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What restrictions are placed on the choice of the public member of the IACUC?
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not a laboratory animal user, not affiliated with the institution or an immediate family member
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The IACUC must meet __________ but should meet at least once every _________.
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as often as necessary to fulfill its responsibilities; 6 months
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T/F Semiannual reviews of the animal care program and the facilities must be presented in a written report and signed by all members of the IACUC.
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F, only a majority is required, not all members
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What are the five main functions of the IACUC listed in the Guide?
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inspection of facilities; evaluation of programs and animal-activity areas; submission of reports to the IO; review of protocols; establishment of a mechanism for receipt and review of concerns involving animals
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What time limit does the Guide place on physical restraint?
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none, just states it must be the minimum required - "prolonged" restraint must be essential for achieving research objectives and approved by the IACUC
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How often must restrained animals be observed?
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at appropriate intervals as determined by the IACUC
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Major surgery ___________ a body cavity or produces substantial impairment of _________________.
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penetrates and exposes; physical or physiologic function
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The Guide gives three justifications for multiple major survival surgical procedures. Which conflicts with the AWA?
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conservation of scarce animal resources (other reasons are related components of a research project or needed for clinical reasons)
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When animals are food or fluid restricted, what minimum needs must be met?
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must provide enough food and fluid to provide for development of young and to maintain long-term well-being of all animals
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What is the suggested frequency of body weight determination for animals on food restriction?
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once a week or more often for small animals such as rodents
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What reference should be used for establishing and maintaining an appropriate occupational health program?
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NRC publication - Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals
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Animals should be housed with a goal of maximizing _________ behavior and minimizing _______behavior.
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species-specific; stress-induced
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The microenvironment and macroenvironment are linked by _________ between the primary and secondary enclosures.
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ventilation
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T/F Rusted or oxidized equipment must be repaired or replaced as soon as possible.
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F, only if it threatens the health or safety of the animals
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______ may be used to construct perches, climbing structures, resting areas, and perimeter fencing.
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wood, replace when damaged or unable to sanitize
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Based on preference testing, ___________ are recommended for housing rodents.
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solid bottom cages with bedding
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Sheltered or outdoor housing is acceptable in many situations. What two things must be provided?
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protection for extremes in temp. or other harsh weather conditions and adequate protective and escape mechanisms for submissive animals
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Thigmotactic animals may benefit more from increased ________ than from increased floor space.
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wall space
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What three musts apply to adequate space allocation when housing animals?
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at a minimum, they must have enough space to turn around and express normal postural adjustments, must have ready access to food and water, must have enough clean-bedded or unobstructed area to move and rest in
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Raised resting surfaces or perches are recommended for ________, __________, and _____________
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cats, dogs, NHPs
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T/F Space required for group housed animals should be calculated as the sum of the space required for each individual animal.
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F, may be more or less depending on the species needs, behavior, compatibility of the individuals, number of animals, and goal of the housing situation
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What amount of floor space is recommended for mice that weigh more than 25 grams? guinea pigs more than 350 grams?
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equal to or greater than 15 square inches; equal to or greater than 101 square inches
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According to the AWA, how much floor space does a dog that measures 15 inches from tip of nose to base of tail require? 3/6/9 sq feet. Does the Guide make the same minimum recommendation?
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(15+6)2/144=3.06 sq feet. No, the Guide suggests 8.0 sq feet for dogs that weigh less than 15 kg
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What cage height requirement must be met for brachiating NHPs?
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they must be able to swing, fully extended from the ceiling without the feet touching the bottom of the cage
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T/F The Guide now divides NHPs into monkeys and apes; monkeys are divided into 7 groups, apes into 3.
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T
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Exposure of unadapted animals to temperatures under ___ or over ___ may be life threatening.
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40, 85
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By what three mechanisms can animals adapt to extremes of temperature or humidity?
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behavioral, physiologic, morphologic
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What are the recommended temperatures for rodents? rabbits? dogs, cats, nhps? farm animals, poultry?
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18-26(64-79); 16-22(61-72); 18-29(64-84); 16-27 (61-81)
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T/F Ventilation requirements can be met by providing enough air changes to dissipate the heat load produced by the animals and equipment in a room.
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F, this will provide enough ventilation to prevent heat build up but may not provide enough to prevent build up of odors, allergens, ammonia
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Air from animal rooms should be ______ before it is recycled.
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HEPA filtered
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Potential photostressors include inappropriate ________________.
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photoperiod, photointensity, spectral quality
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Light levels of ______ about ______ above the floor are sufficient for animal care and do not cause _____.
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325 lux, 1.0 meter, phototoxic retinopathy in albino rats
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What management practices can be used to reduce inappropriate light stimulation of animals?
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rotating cage positions, providing animals with ways to modify light exposure behaviorally
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What nonauditory effects can exposure to noise above 85 dB produce?
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eosinopenia, increased adrenal weight, and reduced fertility in rodents, increased BP in NHPs
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T/F Group housing can increase the likelihood of wounds due to fighting and increase susceptibility to diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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T
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When is forced activity allowed?
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when required by the protocol or therapeutically indicated
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T/F Purified and chemically defined diets are usually more stable than natural ingredient diets.
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F, usually less stable, should be stored at 4 degrees C or less
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Long-term calorie restriction is an accepted practice in what animals?
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some rodents and rabbits
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What water quality factors should be periodically monitored?
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pH, hardness, microbial and chemical contamination
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What is the minimum frequency for bedding change given by the Guide?
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none is given, professional judgment, as often as necessary to keep animals clean and dry
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T/F Cage accessories, including lids, bottles, and sipper tubes should be sanitized every 2 weeks.
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F, bottles and sipper tubes usually once a week
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Cage washing times and conditions should be sufficient to kill___________.
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vegetative forms of common bacteria
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The traditional 180 degree F requirement for rinse water refers to water in ___________.
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the tank or sprayer manifold
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What methods can be used to ensure that microorganisms and debris do not build up in automatic watering systems?
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periodic flushing with large amounts of water, flushing with chemical agents, constant recirculation loops with filter, uv lights, etc.
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T/F The intensity of animal odors should not be used as the sole means of assessing the effectiveness of the sanitation program.
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T
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Integrated pest management relies primarily on the judicious use of pesticides.
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F, primary line of defense is exclusion and good husbandry
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Identification cards should include what information?
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source, strain or stock, name & location of investigator, pertinent dates, protocol number
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Toe clipping is not a preferred method of identification, it should only be used on ______ neonatal rodents.
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altricial
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T/F Genetic variability in outbred stocks can be monitored with DNA, biochemical or immunologic markers or by computer simulation.
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T
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The veterinarian must provide guidance to investigators and all personnel involved in the care and use of animals to ensure appropriate_________?
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handling, immobilization, sedation, analgesia, anesthesia, euthanasia
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Animals obtained from USDA Class B dealers or pounds must be inspected for the presence of _____.
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identification such as tattoos or microchips
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What documents provide guidance regarding requirements for transportation of animals?
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AWA regulations and IATA Live Animal regulations
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T/F Rodents might not require quarantine if data from the vendor or provider are sufficiently current and complete to define the health status of the animals.
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T
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Regardless of the length of quarantine, animals should be given time for ___________________ stabilization.
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physiologic, psychologic, nutritional
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Animal observations should be conducted how often?
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usually daily but more or less often may be appropriate in some cases
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The principal method for detecting viral infections is ________________.
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serologic testing
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HAP, RAP, MAP testing are used for?
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screening transplantable tumors, hybridomas, cell lines, etc.
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Who is responsible for determining that personnel performing surgical procedures are appropriately qualified and trained?
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the IACUC
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T/F Major survival surgery penetrate and exposes or produces permanent impairment of physical or physiologic functions.
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F, impairment does not have to be permanent, just substantial
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T/F Even if a surgical procedure on non-rodent species is terminal, the instruments should be sterilized before use.
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F, but they do need to be clean (also, surgical site should be clipped and surgeon should wear gloves)
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T/F Alcohol is neither a sterilant nor a high level disinfectant.
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T
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T/F Farm animals maintained for biomedical research should undergo surgery with procedures and in facilities as would any other nonrodent species.
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T, although some minor or emergency procedures commonly performed in clinical veterinary practice may be conducted under less stringent conditions
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_________ and __________ share responsibility for ensuring that postsurgical care is appropriate.
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investigator and veterinarian
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T/F Pain is a complex experience that may result from stimuli that cause or have the potential to cause tissue damage.
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T
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What parameters can be monitored as indicators of inadequate analgesia when neuromuscular blockers are being administered?
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autonomic NS changes such as heart rate and blood pressure
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T/F Chemical methods of euthanasia are usually preferable to physical methods.
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T
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Corridors should be ___ to___ feet wide, doors should be ___ by ___ inches.
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6-8 42x84
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T/F Windows in animal rooms can be acceptable.
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T, can be environmental enrichment for dogs, NHPs, farm animals
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What are some satisfactory flooring materials?
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epoxy aggregates, hard-surface sealed concrete, hardened rubber-base aggregates (in all cases, correct installation is crucial)
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According to the Guide, animal rooms with floor drains should have what slope and what size floor drain?
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slope is no longer specified, minimum 4 inch drain
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HVAC systems should be capable of adjustments in dry bulb temperature of +/- _______.
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1 degree C or 2 degrees F
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T/F Temperature control is best regulated by zonal control.
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F, best done by individual rooms
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Most HVAC systems are engineered for average high and low temperature and humidity for the geographic area within +/- 5/10/20% variation.
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5%
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Quarantine areas should be maintained under relative _______ pressure, surgery suites should be maintained under relative ________ pressure.
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negative, positive
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Why should light switches, timers, and outlets be sealed?
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to prevent vermin infestations
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Moisture-resistant switches and outlets and GFIs or _______________ should be used in areas with high water use.
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ground-fault interrupters
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Refrigerated storage for animal carcasses should be maintained below what temperature?
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7 degrees C (44.6 F)
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T/F Masonry walls are more effective in attenuating noise than either metal or plaster walls.
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T
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The functional components of an aseptic surgery suite are _____________________________.
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surgical support, animal preparation, surgeon's scrub, operating room, postoperative recovery
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