The Great Leap Forward

Front 1

Summarise the Abstract of:

The Great Leap Forward: Anatomy of a Central Planning Disaster
Wei Li

Dennis Tao Yang

Back 1

Hint

1. The Great Leap Forward disaster is characterized by:

2. It is found attributable to:

3. It resulted in:

4. In conclusion:

Hint 1

1. The Great Leap Forward disaster, characterized by:

-A collapse in grain production
-Widespread famine in China between 1959 and 1961,

2. It is found attributable to:

-A systemic failure in central planning.
-Wishfully expecting a great leap in agricultural productivity from collectivization

3. It resulted in:
The Chinese government accelerating its aggressive industrialization timetable.

-Grain output falling sharply as the government diverted agricultural resources to industry and imposed an excessive grain procurement burden on peasants. Leaving them with insufficient calories to sustain labor productivity.

4. Our analysis shows that 61 percent of the decline in output is attributable to the policies of resource diversion and excessive procurement.

Front 2

Summarise the Abstract of:


China Since Tiananmen
the massacre’s long shadow
Jean-Philippe Béja

Back 2

Hint

1. Impact of Tianemen

2. How legitimacy was recaptured

3. How The political field it handled and how the memory of the prodemocracy movement is approached.

4. How the opposition were handled and their response

5. The new dissidents and their demands

6. How members of the young generation approach rebellion.

Hint 2

1. -Twenty years after the June 4 massacre put an end to the demonstrations for democracy, its impact is still felt as much by the government as by the opposition.

2. -In order to recapture the legitimacy that it had lost in 1989, the Party launched a policy of election of the elites which revealed itself quite efficient.

3. -It has kept absolute control over the political field and has tried to erase the memory of the 1989 prodemocracy movement.

4. The massacre and the repression that followed have forced the opposition to renounce demonstrations.

5. A new category of dissidents emerged, which expresses itself through petitions demanding the respect of human rights and democratization of the regime

6. Members of the young generation have turned to the law to promote rights awareness in society.

Front 3

Summarise the Abstract of:

A PATH TO DEMOCRACY: IN SEARCH OF CHINA’S DEMOCRATIZATION MODEL*

Kai He and Huiyun Feng

Back 3

1. What is occuring in China

2. What occured in 1978 and what is the result.

3 What has begin in China as a result

4 What is examined in this article

5 What given in conclusion

6 What three points are argued in conclusion

Hint 3

1. -China’s transition is drawing worldwide attention.

2. -China started market economic reforms in 1978 and is rapidly closing its economic gap with the developed world.

3. -The Chinese public and Chinese leaders have started to debate and explore where China should go politically and how to get there.

4. We examine the merits and weaknesses of four prevailing theories of democratization—modernization, social mobilization, cultural/social capital, and negotiation-pact transition theory —

5. We conclude with an appropriate model for China’s political future.

6. We argue that:

(1) the conflict between the reform and conservative groups inside the communist regime will shape the process of China’s democratization;

(2) the hope of China’s political future lies in continued economic develop- ment, a mature civil society, and the building of democratic political culture in society;

(3) the current intra-party democracy promoted by Hu and Wen signals a positive trend for China’s future democratization.

Front 4

Summarise the Abstract of:

The Great Leap Forward: Anatomy of a Central Planning Disaster
Wei Li

Dennis Tao Yang

Back 4

Hint

1. The Great Leap Forward disaster is characterized by:

2. It is found attributable to:

3. It resulted in:

4. In conclusion:

Hint 4

1. The Great Leap Forward disaster, characterized by:

-A collapse in grain production
-Widespread famine in China between 1959 and 1961,

2. It is found attributable to:

-A systemic failure in central planning.
-Wishfully expecting a great leap in agricultural productivity from collectivization

3. It resulted in:
The Chinese government accelerating its aggressive industrialization timetable.

-Grain output falling sharply as the government diverted agricultural resources to industry and imposed an excessive grain procurement burden on peasants. Leaving them with insufficient calories to sustain labor productivity.

4. Our analysis shows that 61 percent of the decline in output is attributable to the policies of resource diversion and excessive procurement.

Front 5

Summarise the Abstract of:


China Since Tiananmen
the massacre’s long shadow
Jean-Philippe Béja

Back 5

Hint

1. Impact of Tianemen

2. How legitimacy was recaptured

3. How The political field it handled and how the memory of the prodemocracy movement is approached.

4. How the opposition were handled and their response

5. The new dissidents and their demands

6. How members of the young generation approach rebellion.

Hint 5

1. -Twenty years after the June 4 massacre put an end to the demonstrations for democracy, its impact is still felt as much by the government as by the opposition.

2. -In order to recapture the legitimacy that it had lost in 1989, the Party launched a policy of election of the elites which revealed itself quite efficient.

3. -It has kept absolute control over the political field and has tried to erase the memory of the 1989 prodemocracy movement.

4. The massacre and the repression that followed have forced the opposition to renounce demonstrations.

5. A new category of dissidents emerged, which expresses itself through petitions demanding the respect of human rights and democratization of the regime

6. Members of the young generation have turned to the law to promote rights awareness in society.

Front 6

Summarise the Abstract of:

A PATH TO DEMOCRACY: IN SEARCH OF CHINA’S DEMOCRATIZATION MODEL*

Kai He and Huiyun Feng

Back 6

1. What is occuring in China

2. What occured in 1978 and what is the result.

3 What has begin in China as a result

4 What is examined in this article

5 What given in conclusion

6 What three points are argued in conclusion

Hint 6

1. -China’s transition is drawing worldwide attention.

2. -China started market economic reforms in 1978 and is rapidly closing its economic gap with the developed world.

3. -The Chinese public and Chinese leaders have started to debate and explore where China should go politically and how to get there.

4. We examine the merits and weaknesses of four prevailing theories of democratization—modernization, social mobilization, cultural/social capital, and negotiation-pact transition theory —

5. We conclude with an appropriate model for China’s political future.

6. We argue that:

(1) the conflict between the reform and conservative groups inside the communist regime will shape the process of China’s democratization;

(2) the hope of China’s political future lies in continued economic develop- ment, a mature civil society, and the building of democratic political culture in society;

(3) the current intra-party democracy promoted by Hu and Wen signals a positive trend for China’s future democratization.