The Great Depression And New Deal

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The Great Depression

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.The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The depression originated in the U.S., starting with the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929 and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929

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Black Tuesday

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.The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash, and the Stock Market Crash of 1929, was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its fallout. The crash signaled the beginning of the 12-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries and that did not end in the United States until the onset of American mobilization for World War II at the end of 1941.

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Dust Bowl

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.A series of severe dust storms that caused many ecological and agricultural damage. this was caused by serious drought, brought on by the plowing of the land, which eventually dried out, because the moisture in the air were not present.

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Gross National Product

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.Markets the values of products and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by residents. Used for primary measurement of economic activity.

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Herbert Hoover

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.31st president of the United States. Ranked as one of the poorer presidents, due to his inability to secure the Great Depression.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

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.32nd president of the Untied States. Allied the Chinese and English during World War II. "Date which will live in infamy." After attack on Pearl Harbor.

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20th Amendment

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.Set dates on Presidential terms. If the president dies the vice president would take place.

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New Deal

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.A program during the Great Depression that provided a relief to the unemployed and poor. Created a stronger Democratic Party and split up the Republicans.

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Frances Perkins

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.First woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet as Secretary of Labor. Established benefits to the unemployed with the Social Security Act.

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Fireside chats

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.A series of thirty radio speeches given by Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933-1944. With these speeches he reassured his listeners that their nation would recover. He wanted the people to have faith in the banks and the New Deal systems.

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FDIC

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.Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Created by the Glass-Steagall Act. (more)

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Public Works Administration

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. part of the New Deal, or 100 hundred days plan agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes during President Roosevelt's time in office. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June 1933 in response to the Great Depression.

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Civilian Conservation Corps.

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.a public work relief program in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men, ages 17–25, between 1933-42. A part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state and local governments.

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Schechter v. U.S.

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.a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of Congress' power under the commerce clause.

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Securities Exchange Commision

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. holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry, the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities markets in the United States.

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Second New Deal

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.In his address to Congress in January 1935, Roosevelt called for three major goals: improved use of national resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, and slum clearance, as well as a national welfare program to replace state relief efforts.

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Works Progress Administration

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.the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects. It fed children and redistributed food, clothing, and housing. Almost every community in the United States had a park, bridge or school constructed by the agency

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Wagner Act 1935

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.limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.

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Social Security Act 1935

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. The act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age, poverty, unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children. By signing this act on August 14, 1935, President Roosevelt became the first president to advocate federal assistance for the elderly.

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Huey Long

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.Long created the Share Our Wealth program in 1934 with the motto "Every Man a King", proposing new wealth redistribution measures in the form of a net asset tax on corporations and individuals to curb the poverty and hopelessness endemic nationwide during the Great Depression.

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John L. Lewis

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. he was the driving force behind the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), which established the United Steel Workers of America and helped organize millions of other industrial workers in the 1930s. After resigning as head of the CIO in 1941, he took the Mine Workers out of the CIO in 1942 and in 1944 took the union into the American Federation of Labor (AFL).