The Government Of Henry Vii And Threats To His Rule

Front 1

What was Henry VII's claim to the throne?

Back 1

His mother Margaret Beaufort was the great-granddaughter of Edward III.

Front 2

What problems did Henry face when he became king?

Back 2

Richards Yorkist supporters, Treasury (money supply) was empty, the factions of York and Lancaster, Powerful nobles with private armies, breakdown of law and order.

Front 3

How did Henry solve these problems?

Back 3

Marriage to Elizabeth of York, Peace treaties and marriage alliances in Europe (avoid expensive wars), Justices of Peace, Private armies forbidden,

Rebels dealt with, efficient financial system.

Front 4

How did Henry deal with the Nobles?

Back 4

Pardoned Yorkist Noblemen and made them swear an oath to him, Marriage brought two factions together, Private armies forbidden, Court of Star Chamber put nobility on trial and issued fines and confiscated estates.

Front 5

How did Henry deal with his finances and secure peace?

Back 5

Created a system of tax collection, used his children for political marriage alliances (Medina Del Campo 1501), Used peace to sign trading treaties with Spain and Netherlands, French Pension (sum off France prevented invasion)

Front 6

When was the Lovell conspiracy and who was involved?

Back 6

1485 and Lord Lovell and the Stafford brothers

Front 7

What did Henry offer the rebels?

Back 7

Pardon, reconciliation or excommunication and death.

Front 8

Summarise the Lovell conspiracy.

Back 8

Yorkist supporters protest during Henry's royal progress, he sends an armed force, gives them 3 choices, Lord Lovell fled to flanders, one brother killed, one brother pardoned.

Front 9

Who did Lambert Simnel pretend to be and when?

Back 9

The Earl of Warwick and in 1487.

Front 10

Which battle did Henry defeat the rebel army in?

Back 10

Battle of Stoke 1487.

Front 11

Summarise the Lambert Simnel rebellion.

Back 11

Simnel pretend to be Earl of Warwick, has support or M of Burgundy, Henry parades real Warwick around, Earl of Lincoln sends rebel army south to fight Henry in Battle of Stoke, Kings victory.

Front 12

How did Henry create the Cornish Rebellion of 1497?

Back 12

He introduced a tax to help him fund an upcoming war.

Front 13

Summarise the Cornish Rebellion in 1497.

Back 13

Rebels grew after tax imposed, 15,000 rebels marched through country, numbers declined as they reached London, in Battle at Blackheath King was victorious.

Front 14

When and why did the Yorkshire rebellion begin?

Back 14

1489, King introduced a tax to raise money to aid Brittany in its struggle against France, they were outraged as they were the only county to pay and had had a bad harvest.

Front 15

Who was murdered when collecting tax in Yorkshire?

Back 15

Earl of Northumberland.

Front 16

Who was the leader of the rebellion?

Back 16

Sir John Egremont.

Front 17

Summarise the Yorkshire Rebellion

Back 17

Henry imposed tax, Yorkshire rebelled and murdered Earl, Royal Army easily won rebellion.

Front 18

How does the outcome of the Yorkshire rebellion show that Henry's authority was weak?

Back 18

The money was still not collected even after Henry defeated the rebels.

Front 19

How long did the Perkin Warbeck rebellion last?

Back 19

From 1491-1499.

Front 20

Who did Perkin Warbeck pretend to be?

Back 20

Richard, The Duke of York (one of the princes in the tower who will have been an heir to the throne)

Front 21

How did Henry first deal with this threat?

Back 21

He used his spy network to send out attainders to those implicated in plot, one man happened to be Sir William Stanley, the Chamberlain of Henry's household.

Front 22

Where did Warbeck struggle to find support before eventually finding it?

Back 22

He had no luck in Ireland, Holy Roman Empire, France, Deal and eventually found support in Scotland.

Front 23

Why did James VI allow Warbeck to have residence in Scotland?

Back 23

Warbeck married James VI's cousin and James could use him to invade Northern England.

Front 24

Why did James VI abandon Warbeck?

Back 24

Warbeck received no support from Northern England and James was given the opportunity to marry Henry's daughter Margaret.

Front 25

How did it all end for Warbeck?

Back 25

He received no support again from Ireland and none from Cornwall, he sought sanctuary but was persuaded to give himself up in 1497, he was eventually beheaded (1489) after it was rumoured that he was plotting to run away with the Earl of Warwick.

Front 26

Why were the De la Poles angry with Henry?

Back 26

Henry refused to let Edmund De La Pole be the Duke of Suffolk.

Front 27

Where did Edmund and his brothers plan to raise an army to fight for Edmund's claim to the throne?

Back 27

The court of the Holy Roman Emperor.

Front 28

Why was the Tudor dynasty so vulnerable in the first few years of the 16th century?

Back 28

1502 Arthur died, 1503 Elizabeth died.

Front 29

How did Henry react to the De La Poles?

Back 29

Imprisoned the rest of the Suffolk family, sent 51 acts of attainder to those with suffolk connections.

Front 30

What happened in Calais which was extremely worrying for Henry?

Back 30

Conversations in Calais on the future of the British monarchy which had no mention of Henry. The lord of Buckingham was in high favour.

Front 31

Why was the luck on Henry's side?

Back 31

In 1506, storms forced Phillip of Buckingham's ship over to England. Henry made him a deal to hand over Edmund to spare his life. Philip was a member of the court of the HRE and a very high senior member.

Front 32

Positive tactics used by Henry in the rebellions.

Back 32

Decisive action, Killing main leaders, persuading Warbeck's foreign backers to desert him, Henrys spy network, impoverished Cornwall by severe fines so they were unlikely to rise again, imprisoned De La Poles.

Front 33

Negative tactics used by Henry in the rebellions.

Back 33

Rebels weakness rather than Henry's strength led to peace, lack of spies meant he failed to stop simnel plot originally, failure to pacify Ireland( rebels had a base), Yorkshire tax never collected, Cornish rebellion went to battle, Henry failed to imprison Edmund the first time he fled to HRE and came back.

Front 34

What is Patronage?

Back 34

Giving Land or titles away.

Front 35

Why were carrots like the Order of the Garter and Gaining a place on the council so effective?

Back 35

They had no cost and the recipient does not become too powerful, great method of control for Henry.

Front 36

What were acts of attainder?

Back 36

Family or individual loses all titles and land. (reversible- good control over behaviour)

Front 37

Bonds and Recognisances?

Back 37

Bonds - Nobles fined if they break a promise

Recognisances- Huge fines

Front 38

What was Wardship?

Back 38

King took control of estates of minors or took minors from homes and raised them elsewhere. King could also prevent marriages.

Front 39

What was retaining?

Back 39

Henry made lords and nobles swear in parliament that they would not retain (practice where nobles had paid followers) illegally.

Front 40

Why was the court of star chamber established?

Back 40

To ensure fair enforcement of laws against socially and politically prominent peoples powerful that ordinary courts would be hesitant to convict them.

Front 41

What element of Central government improved efficiency?

Back 41

The creation of the King's council and smaller groups to attend meetings as well as the Council Learned in Law which appointed the second class of nobility in order to reduce nobles power.

Front 42

How did Henry organise regional governments to ensure loyalty?

Back 42

He made the council of London watch over the council of the North in order to ensure loyalty and goodwill.

Front 43

In Local Government, what were the benefits and drawbacks of the Justices of Peace.

Back 43

The benefit was that they were employed from the second rank of landowners which extends their loyalty, The drawback was that the JP's still relied on higher officials to bring offenders to them and local officials were often reluctant to bring them forward.

Front 44

What was Ordinary Revenue?

Back 44

Money collected regularly without the need to call parliament.

Front 45

What was extraordinary revenue?

Back 45

Wasn't regular, collected in times of need, needed parliament's approval.

Front 46

How did Henry successfully exploit his financial resources?

Back 46

Increased land crowns, 1486 Act of Resumption (seizure of land from traitors), Profits from fines, Feudal dues income, French Pension, Benevolences( forced loans in times of crisis)

Front 47

Where did Henry fail to exploit his financial resources?

Back 47

Custom duties did not bring in enough, income from trade depended on uncontrollable relationship between countries, Parliamentary taxation unpopular, Had to pay loans back to wealthy subjects.

Front 48

What was Henry's first financial aim?

Back 48

To increase his own Personal Revenue

(achieved but nothing compared to French King)

Front 49

What was Henry's second financial aim?

Back 49

To increase the efficiency of existing forms of revenue.

( Achieved)

Front 50

What was Henry's third aim?

Back 50

To reduce the dependance on Parliament.

Front 51

What was Henry's fourth aim?

Back 51

To use financial policies to keep the nobles in check.

(achieved)

Front 52

What was Henry's fifth and final financial aim?

Back 52

To increase the gap between him and the nobles.

(achieved)