The Golden Twenties

Front 1

Making or selling liquor illegally.

Back 1

BOOOTLEGGING

Front 2

The elimination or limitation of armed forces, military equipment, or weapons of war.

Back 2

DISARMAMENT

Front 3

The pursuit of pleasure as the chief activity of life.

Back 3

HEDONISTIC

Front 4

The thinking that opposes a nation's involvement in political or military affairs outside its hemisphere.

Back 4

ISOLATIONISM

Front 5

The promotion of new and more liberal ideas and changes.

Back 5

PROGRESSIVISM

Front 6

The movement banning the buying and selling of liquor.

Back 6

PROHIBITION

Front 7

The mass movement of rural people to the urban areas of the country.

Back 7

URBANIZATION

Front 8

Progressivism was supported only by the Democratic Party.

Back 8

FALSE

Front 9

Many people thought World War I would be the last war.

Back 9

TRUE

Front 10

President Wilson led the United States into a war he was anxious to enter.

Back 10

FALSE

Front 11

The progressive movement fought various problems within the United States.

Back 11

TRUE

Front 12

Which one of the following statements best describes America's postwar attitudes?

Back 12

AMERICANS WERE CONCERNED ABOUT THE COMMUNIST TAKEOVER OF RUSSIA IN 1917.

Front 13

Which one of the following statements is true of progressivism?

Back 13

GOVERNMENT SHOULD CONTROL LARGE CORPORATIONS AND SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS.

Front 14

1. 1928 agreement renouncing war

2. Woodrow Wilson

3. 1921 meeting limiting military equipment

4. Albert B. Fall

5. Warren Harding

6. 1924 legislation restricting immigration

Back 14

1. KELLOGG-BRIAND ACT

2. LEAGUE OF NATIONS' AUTHOR

3. WASHINGTON DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE

4. TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL

5. LOW - KEYED LEADER

6. IMMIGRATION ACT

Front 15

By the late 1920s, about 40 percent of the people of the United States remained on farms.

Back 15

FALSE

Front 16

The Ku Klux Klan was created mainly by rural people.

Back 16

TRUE

Front 17

The Klan reached its peak population in 1924.

Back 17

TRUE

Front 18

Urbanization gave African Americans far greater opportunities for advancement.

Back 18

TRUE

Front 19

1. started the original Ku Klux Klan

2. one of the most famous musicians of all time

3. expansion from country living to city living

4. beginning of Ku Klux Klan

5. made up largely of rural, white supremacist Americans

6. Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man

Back 19

1. NATHANIEL B. FORREST

2. LOUIS ARMSTRONG

3. URBANIZATION

4. 1865

5. KU KLUX KLAN

6. JAMES WELDON JOHNSON

Front 20

The Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the buying and selling of liquor.

Back 20

TRUE

Front 21

The Eighteenth Amendment was supported by the religious community except for Protestants.

Back 21

FALSE

Front 22

Which factors caused the enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment to break down?

Back 22

LACK OF GOVERNMENT AGENTS TO CONTROL ILLEGAL LIQUOR - RELATED CRIMES

PEOPLE OPPOSING PROHIBITION DID LITTLE TO HELP AUTHORITIES

Front 23

Although President Woodrow Wilson had done an effective job in leading the United States through World War I, its citizens sought a change from the progressive reforms his administration had supported. They looked for a more conservative man, Warren G. Harding, to lead them back to a peacetime lifestyle. As President Wilson prepared to leave the White House, he was aware of the fact that the progressivism he supported was rapidly fading in popularity among the people.

By the end of World War I, the people of the United States were weary of the conflict and ready for a time of peace. Nevertheless, many people were concerned about the recent takeover by the Communists in Russia during the Revolution of 1917. Communism appeared as a danger to the security of countries around the world. However, the citizens of the United States wanted to believe the prevailing notion that World War I was truly "the war to end all wars."

Progressivism had been a movement throughout the country involving all political parties.

Back 23

CHANGING POSTWAR ATTITUDES

Front 24

After the exhaustive war effort, the United States needed to return to a normal state of affairs. Its people were ready to leave behind the sacrifices and demands of a wartime existence and center their efforts and interests on their own betterment and prosperity.

President Warren G. Harding's "Back to Normalcy" motto was associated with a national emphasis on internal affairs. As a consequence of this perspective, the nation favored a movement toward disarmament and withdrawal from international organizations. New immigration quotas were established to restrict the number of incoming foreigners. The quality of life also became a concern to the citizens of the United States. People began moving to the cities to enhance their standard of living, and Prohibition was instituted as a means of improving the national life.

Back 24

THE GOLDEN TWENTIES
THE SEARCH FOR PEACE

Front 25

President Harding's election in 1920 as a Republican marked the beginning of a strong current of conservatism. The progressivism of the Democratic Party, marked by expanded government and strong executive leadership, was yielding to a return to the prewar state of affairs. Harding had won the election with a low-key and soft-sell approach; he proceeded with this policy that acted as a healing balm to a weary people. Although Harding was weak in certain areas of his life, the people responded to his personality warmly and enthusiastically.

Back 25

RETURN TO NORMALCY

Front 26

Few people in the United States were upset when President Wilson's Fourteen Points to help Europe with its postwar settlements was largely rejected at home and abroad. Wilson's fourteenth point, calling for a League of Nations, was accepted in Europe, but the United States refused to join. Although strict isolationism was no longer possible for the people of the United States, they wanted no part of being caught up in an international organization. The nation realized the necessity of helping to solve world problems, but it wanted to avoid military involvement. This thinking permeated American foreign policy throughout the 1920s, indicating that the country was protecting its self-interests in its return to normalcy.

Associated with the ending of the war was a strong movement toward disarmament. A Washington Disarmament Conference concerned with naval disarmament in the Pacific was called by the United States in 1921. A treaty was established among the United States, France, England, Italy, and Japan. This

Back 26

CONTINUED ....

Front 27

During the 1920s, many people were pursuing a life of pleasure. However, although some people followed a hedonistic philosophy, others were concerned about creating a sound lifestyle for their families. Women called flappers were very popular during the Roaring Twenties. Flappers wore short, straight-cut dresses. Many people moved to urban centers to improve their lifestyle. The lifestyle of the country was also changed during this time as national restrictions on alcohol were instituted.

Urbanization. Urbanization was a widespread phenomenon during the Roaring Twenties. Although cities had been growing steadily, people streamed from the rural areas into towns and cities during the 1920s. This movement developed so rapidly that by the end of the decade no more than 25 percent of the population still resided on farms.

Rural people were attracted to urban life for many reasons. Urban areas were centers of production for much of the wealth of the country. Cities were the source of entertainment, trends, and p

Back 27

CHANGING POST WAR LIFESTYLES

Front 28

In a nation where liquor traffic had been so widespread throughout its history, efforts to curb or halt the sale of alcohol would appear to be futile. How could such a large country with a diverse citizenry unite in an effort to establish a law against buying and selling alcohol? Most historians agree that the religious people of the United States were the driving force behind the Eighteenth Amendment. Increasing membership in Jewish synagogues and Catholic and Protestant churches totaled over forty million by 1916. Although obviously not in agreement with each other in areas of theology, each group contributed to the moral stand against liquor.

Whether all their beliefs were fully accepted or not, the spirit and thrust of these groups was contagious. The stand against evil by human social action was an issue many people were very willing to support. As the memory of the physical battles of World War I faded in people's minds, a moral battle of right versus wrong regarding liquor was just beginning for the

Back 28

PROHIBITON

Front 29

In 1925, in Dayton, Tennessee, a high school biology teacher who taught the theory of evolution was prosecuted by the state of Tennessee. The teacher, John T. Scopes (1900–1970), was accused of violating the Butler Act, a Tennessee law that did not allow the teaching of evolution in public schools because it contradicted the account of creation in the Bible. The trial received worldwide publicity and was conducted in a circus-like atmosphere. The press dubbed it the "Monkey Trial" because evolution taught that humans were descended from monkeys.

Clarence Darrow, one of America's leading criminal lawyers of that time, appeared for the defense, and former U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution. The defense argued for the scientific validity of evolution and against the constitutionality of the Butler Act, but it did not deny that Scopes had broken the law. Scopes was convicted and fined $100, but the verdict was later reversed on technical grounds by the state supreme court.

Back 29

SCOPES TRIAL