The Gluteal Region

Front 1

define eversion (of the foot)

Back 1

elevation of the lateral side of the foot

Front 2

define inversion (of the foot)

Back 2

elevation of the medial side of the foot

Front 3

what motions of the foot are considered triplanar motion

Back 3

supination (adduction, inversion and plantarflexion)
pronation (abduction, eversion and dorsiflexion)

Front 4

the hip joint:
what type of joint is it?
what is it formed by?
how many axes can it move in?
what type of cartilage is between the head of the femur and the lunate surface of the acetabulum?

Back 4

type of joint: ball and socket
formed by: head of femur and acetabulum of os coxae
it is a triaxial joint (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation)
articular cartilage exists between the head of femur and lunate surface

Front 5

what types of major ligaments exist in the hip joint?

Back 5

capsular (as in the articular capsule) and intracapsular (ligamentum capitis femoris)

Front 6

What is the name of the cartilage in the acetabulum which deepens the joint?

Back 6

acetabular labrum

Front 7

Clinical Note of Hip Joint:

Back 7

elderly people may experience a fracture of the femoral neck (may also be an intertrochanteric or petrochanteric fracture) due to falling
-rupture of ligamentum capitis femoris or other arteries of femoral neck may cause necrosis of femoral head

Front 8

Clinical Note of Hip Joint:

Back 8

hip replacement most commonly due to osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease

Front 9

Clinical Note of Hip Joint:

Back 9

hip dislocation usually due to a shallow acetabulum

Front 10

Name the 8 muscles of the gluteal region

Back 10

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris

Front 11

what is the insertion, action, and innervation of the gluteus maximus?

Back 11

insertion: gluteal tuberosity
action: major extensor of the thigh
inn: inferior gluteal nerve

Front 12

what is the insertion, action and innervation of the gluteus medius and minimus?

Back 12

insertion: greater trochanter
action: OKC= abducts and medially rotates the thigh. CKC=steadies the pelvis during gait to prevent dipping
inn: superior gluteal nerve

Front 13

what is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the piriformis?

Back 13

origin: anterior surface of sacrum
insertion: greater trochanter
inn: nerve to piriformis

Front 14

what is the insertion and innervation of the obturator internus, gemellus superior, and gemellus inferior?

Back 14

insertion: greater trochanter
inn of obturator internus and gemellus superior: nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior
inn of gemellus inferior: nerve to quadrats femoris and gemellus inferior

Front 15

what is the insertion and innervation of the quadratus femoris

Back 15

insertion: intertrochanteric crest
innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior

Front 16

what is the action of the piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior and quadratus femoris?

Back 16

laterally rotate the thigh

Front 17

Clinical Note: Gluteal Region

Back 17

Trendelenburg's test to test integrity of the hip
Trendelenburg's gait is when the pelvis dips to the opposite side of weightbearing

Front 18

Describe the vascularization of the gluteal region including the origin, course and termination of the superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Back 18

vascularized the superior and inferior gluteal arteries
superior and inferior gluteal arteries are branches of the internal iliac artery that leave the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen.
they enter the gluteal region superior and inferior to the piriformis muscle

Front 19

what nerves are located in the gluteal region and what muscles do they supply?

Back 19

superior gluteal nerve: gluteus minimis and gluteus medius
inferior gluteal nerve: gluteus maximus
nerve to piriformis
nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior-->both innervate both muscles
nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior-->both innervate both muscles