The Gilded Age

Front 1

Compromise of 1877

Back 1

electoral standoff between Hayes (Republican) and Tilde (Democrat), this Compromise meant that the Democrats agreed Hayes could take off if he ended Reconstruction in the South

Front 2

Pendleton Act of 1833

Back 2

Magna Carta of civil-service reform; it prohibited, on paper, fiancial assessments on jobholders. It created that government jobs were based on aptitude instead of who they know

Front 3

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Back 3

railroad construction company that consisted many insiders of the union Pacific Railway who hired themselves to build a railroad and made tons of money from it. They attemted to cover themselves by paying congressmen and Vice President with stocks and large dividends.

Front 4

Whisky Ring

Back 4

Whisky manufacturers had to pay heavy excise tax that avoided most of the tax. Collectors were bribed by the distillers. They had robbed the Treasury millions in excise-tax revenue

Front 5

Tweed Ring

Back 5

group of people who worked under Boss Tweed. he was a crooked politician and money maker. The ring supported his deeds then the New York Times, Thomas Nast, found evidence to jail Tweed.

Front 6

"Waving the Bloody Shirt"

Back 6

a campaign slogan used by Republicans in the presidential election 1868. It blamed the Democrats for the Civil War which cost the lives of many Americans.
ex. Grant had used it.

Front 7

Jim Fisk and Jay Gould

Back 7

millionaires who planned to take the gold market during Grant's term, also called the Black Friday.

Front 8

Panic of 1873

Back 8

(caused by) to many railroads and factories being formed than existing markets and over-loaning banks; greenbacks (paper money) were wanted to be printed in mass production to create inflation

Front 9

Rutherford B. Hayes

Back 9

Republican nominee in 1876 election; "Great unknown"; against Tilden who had 184 votes against his 185 electoral votes; the Compromise of 1877 had got him the presidency.

Front 10

Civil Right Cases

Back 10

declared Civil Rights Act of 1875 (promised all Americans, regarded of race, in public facilities and accommodations) unconstitutional

Front 11

James A. Garfield

Back 11

elected to presidency in 1880, barely won in popular vote but huge margin in electoral college. He hated to say "no". He was assassinated (by Charles J. Guiteau because he didn't recieve a job from him) so Stalwarts could be in power in the government, thus bringing reforms in spoil system.

Front 12

Chester A. Arthur

Back 12

Vice President to Garfield and toke his place in presidency. He had no apparent qualifications until he surprised the public with his prosecuting certain post office frauds and wouldn't help Stalwarts. In favor of civil service reform.

Front 13

Grover Cleveland

Back 13

Democratic nominee in 1884 election. He had an illegitimate child, which turned to contest into mudslinging against his opponent, James Blaine (who had questionable deals). He won and first Demo. president since Buchanan. Effective in dealing with excesive military pensions.

Front 14

Benjamin Harrison

Back 14

"Young Tippecanoe" because his grandfather was William H. Harrison. Republican nominee in 1888 against Cleveland but won since he had more electoral votes. Pro-business and protariff.

Front 15

Plessy v, Ferguson

Back 15

Supreme Court case; proved "separate between equal" facilities constitutional

Front 16

Jim Crow Laws

Back 16

prevented African Americans from voting and created segretation facilities

Front 17

Chinese Exclusion Act

Back 17

barring Chinese from entering the US

Front 18

"Rum, Romanism, Rebellion"

Back 18

an insult against New York Irish-Americans used by a Republican congressman that cost Blaine the election of 1884

Front 19

McKinley Tariff Act of 1890

Back 19

a bill calling for high tariff yet 48.4%!

Front 20

Populists

Back 20

established in 1892; brought together workers from the nation. Their nomination of William Bryan was the most revolutionary aspect along with being the first third party that got a small aspect of votes from electoral college. They wanted silver as the national currency.

Front 21

Depression of 1893

Back 21

Happened during Cleveland's term; 8,000 business houses collapsed and dozens of railroad lines went to receives.

Front 22

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Back 22

said that gold had to be reissued and drained Treasury of almost $100 million

Front 23

Vertical Intergration

Back 23

pioneered by Andrew Carnegie. When you combine into one organization all phases manufacturing from mining to marketing. It supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of all the product at all stages of production.

Front 24

Horizontal Intergration

Back 24

Technique used by John D.Rockefeller. An act of joining or consolidating with one competitors to create a monopoly.

Front 25

Trust

Back 25

an economic tool devised late 1800s. It is to eliminate competition in business. One powerful company will have control of the stocks of many smaller companies in the same line of business, creating a monopoly, which allowed price-fixing and benefits all companies involved. They were outlawed in early 1900s.

Front 26

John D. Rockefeller

Back 26

Man who started from meager beginnings and eventually created an oil empire. In Ohio, in 1870, he organized the Standard Oil Company. By 1877, he controlled more 95% of all the refineries in the U.S. It achieved important economies both home and abroad by it's large scale methods of production and distribution.

Front 27

J. Pierpont Morgan

Back 27

A banker who financed the reorganization of railroads, insurances companies, and banks. He bought out Carnegie and in 1901 started the United States Steel Corporation.

Front 28

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Back 28

He founded Vanderbilt University in Tenn. He was a big man with little education but established a shipping-land transit across Nicaragua after the gold rush. He built a railway that connected New York to Chicago in 1873. He offered superior service at low rates.

Front 29

Andrew Carnegie

Back 29

the steel king; integrated every phase of his steel-making operations. ships, railroads, ect. pioneered "Vertical integration". His goal is to improve efficiency by making supplies more reliable controlling the quality of the production through all stages and elitiminating middlemen.

Front 30

Thomas Edison

Back 30

He invented the phonograph and in 1901, was used in over 150, 000 houses. He also invented the lightbulb.

Front 31

Pullman Cars

Back 31

"gorgeous travelling hotels"; 1860s, condemned to be "wheeled torture chambers"

Front 32

Interstate Commerce Commision

Back 32

prohibited rebates and pools; required railroads to publish their rates openly

Front 33

Alexander Graham Bell

Back 33

invented the telephone. His invention brought out women from their houses.

Front 34

Social Darwinism

Back 34

survival of the fittest was what Herbert Spencer and William G. Sumner came up with. It was used mainly in businesses which the wealthy denied.

Front 35

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Back 35

forbid combination in resistant of trade, without any distinct between "good" trusts and "bad' trusts. It was ineffective because of loopholes and curb labor.

Front 36

National Labor Union

Back 36

1866; lasted 6 years with 600,000 members. It worked for arbitration of industrial disputes and 8 hour work days.

Front 37

Knights of Labor

Back 37

1869; foresaw possible reprisals by employees. They were a secret society for both men and women. They only barred "non-producers" and did not get involved with politics.

Front 38

American Federation of Labor

Back 38

1886; brought up by Samuel Gompers. It was a federation that associated with self-governing national unions. No individual laborers could join with a down-to-earth approach. They shunned politics for economic strategies and goals.

Front 39

Modernist

Back 39

Charles Darwin published "On the Origins of Species" that provided the idea of evolution, which was strictly against the Bible. They were disgraced by the church who followed it but were more liberal thinkers.

Front 40

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Back 40

1874; white ribbon symbol of purity; led by Frances E. Willard; league of prohibition

Front 41

Eighteenth Amendment

Back 41

In 1919, it did all with all liquor, making it illegal.

Front 42

Nativism

Back 42

Philosophy that someone hated immigrants and have much patriotism

Front 43

Philantrophy

Back 43

When wealthy millionaires gave back some of the money they had earned to benefit society. The money would be sent to libraries, the arts, colleges.
Ex. Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller

Front 44

Social Gospel

Back 44

Preached by many people in the 1880s and said that due to social environment poor people could not help their situation.

Front 45

Mark Twain

Back 45

America's most popular author who used "romantic" type literature with comedy to entertain his audiences. With the help of Charles Dudley Warner, they wrote "The Gilded Age".

Front 46

Florence Kelley

Back 46

Battler for welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. Led the women of Hull House into a successful lobby in 1893 for an Illinois anti-sweatshop law that protected women workers and prohibited child labor.

Front 47

New Immigrants

Back 47

Baltics and Slavs; were not educational and preferred Republican party

Front 48

Jane Addams

Back 48

founded Hull House in 1889 that taught kids and adults the skill and knowledge to survive and succeed in America

Front 49

American Protective Association

Back 49

anti-foreign organization; they went against immigrants and labor leaders were quick to end it

Front 50

Dwight Lyman Moody

Back 50

man who proclaimed gospel of kindness and forgiveness and adapted old-time religion

Front 51

Mary Baker Eddy

Back 51

founded the Church of Christ which preached a perversion of Christian that claimed healed sickness

Front 52

Morrill Act of 1862

Back 52

provided a generous grant of public lands to the states for support of education

Front 53

Hatch Act of 1887

Back 53

provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment states with land grants college

Front 54

Susan B. Anthony

Back 54

organized first women's right convention which was railed towards sufferage

Front 55

American Red Cross

Back 55

brought up by Clara Barton; was for nurses and doctors to help out different situtaions

Front 56

Homestead Act

Back 56

1862, it stated that a settler could azquire up to 160 acres of land and pay a minimal fee of $30 just for living if for 5 years and settling. It could acquired for only 6 months and pay $1.25 per acre.

Front 57

Apache

Back 57

Native-American tribe; 1870s; group from Arizona and New Mexico lead by Geronimo were difficult to control; chased into Mexico by Federal troops; became successful farmers raising stock in Oklahoma

Front 58

Battle of Wounded Knee

Back 58

group of White Christian reformist trying to convert the Native Americans. Fearing the Ghost Dance, American troops were called to go with the reformists. A gun was fired and the troops stormed in killing Native American men, women and children.

Front 59

Dawes Severalty Act

Back 59

1887; dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, trying to make them individualists, and attempted to assimilate the population into American

Front 60

Geronimo

Back 60

leader of Native Americans in Arizona and New Mexico; fought against Americans who were trying to get them off their land; enormous hatred towards Americans

Front 61

Sitting Bull

Back 61

leader of the Sioux tribe; medicine man; became leader in the Indian Wars (1876-1877); forced into Canada by the loss of Little Big Horn

Front 62

Chief Joseph

Back 62

chief of the Nez Perce Indians of Idaho who wanted gold trespassed on their beaver river. To avoid war, and save his people, tried to retreat to Canada with his people.

Front 63

"A Century of Dishonor"

Back 63

Written by Helen Hunt Jackson; it discussed and chronicled the experiences of Native Americans in the U.S., focusing on injustices.

Front 64

The Grane

Back 64

1867; the leader was Oliver H. Kelley; also called the Patrons of Husbandry; it was full of colorful appeal and passwords for secrecy. A group of farmers that worked to improve farmers.

Front 65

Granger Laws

Back 65

laws that were passed to regulate railway rates and storage fees charged by railroads, warehouses, and grain elevators through state legislation.

Front 66

Farmer's Alliance

Back 66

first "national" organization of the farmers that led to create the Populist party. They active in politics, organized cooperatives, and fought against the dominance of the railroads and manufacturers.

Front 67

Williams Jennings Bryan

Back 67

Three-time candidate for president for the Democratic party, nominated because of his support from the populist party. He never won but most important Populist in American history.

Front 68

Depression of 1893

Back 68

Profits dwindled, business went bankrupt and slid into debt. caused loss of business confidence. 20% of the workforce unemployed.

Front 69

Greenback-Labor party

Back 69

attracted farmers and polled over 1 Million votes and 14 members of congress; James B. Weaver was their nominee with only 3%

Front 70

Pullman Strike

Back 70

led by Eugene v. Debs; helped organize workers of Pullman Car company since it cut wages by 1/3; sent federal troops because it was interfering with mail system