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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The GI tract is also known as the ____________. |
Alimentary canal |
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What is the sphincter muscle located inside the esophagus and what is its function? |
The esophageal junction muscle- prevents food from coming back up |
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What three parts can the pylorus be divided into? |
Antrum pyloric canal- exit from stomach pyloric sphincter- keeps contents in stomach |
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Define rugae. What is the function of this structure>? |
folds in the stomach that allow for expansion and directs chyme to pylorus |
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Which portion of the duodenum is the ampulla of vater located in? |
the second portion or descending colon |
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What is the importance of the Ligament of Treitz? |
it is a suspensory ligament that attaches to crus of diaphragm. It marks the location of where the small bowel becomes intraperitoneal. |
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The _______________ is located in the ileum and is the opening of the terminal ileum into large intestine. What is its purpose? |
Ileocecal orifice: To prevent food from backing into ileum |
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What is the function of villi? |
absorb nutrients |
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The _____________ are predominantly located predominantly in the ________, and function to slow passage of food to allow for increased surface area for nutrient absorption. |
valvulae conniventes ; jejunum |
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List the portions of the large intestine. |
vermiform appendix, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal, anus, right and left colic flexures |
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_______ are out pouches of colon. |
Haustra |
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What is the primary function of the large bowel? |
Intestinal material is transformed from liquid to semi solid. Water and electrolytes are absorbed. |
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Define peristalsis |
rhythmic dilation and contraction that propels contents on GI tract |
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What is the normal bowel wall thickness? |
distended: less than or equal to 3 mm non-distended: less than or equal to 5mm |
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There are __ layers of the bowel wall. They present a target or bulls eye sign on ultrasound. |
5 layers with rotating echogenicity |
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What is the "keyboard" sign? |
On u/s: the linear and echogenic folds of the valvulae conniventes lined up next to each other |
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What is the location of the appendix? |
hangs off of cecum |
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Describe McBurney's point? |
right anterosuperior iliac spine to umbilicus. Draw a line between the two and mark the halfway point. That is McBurneys point. |
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__________ __________ is a normal variant where the remains of the prenatal yolk stalk project from the side of the ileum |
Meckel's Diverticulum |
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What is the normal measurement for the appendix? Diameter: Wall thickness: Lumen: |
Diameter: less than or equal to 6mm Wall thickness: less than or equal to 2mm Lumen: less than or equal to 2mm |
