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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Movement of material
A-motility B-secretion c-digestion d-absorption |
A-motility
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between secretion and absorptoin
A-motility B-secretion c-digestion d-absorption |
digestion
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important part is mixing
A-motility B-secretion c-digestion d-absorption |
motility
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how long is the esophagus?
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25cm, flaccid tube
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what stops food from entering the glottis?
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epiglottis
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what is the gap or missing part where the exophagus goes into diaphagm?
a-Pharyngoesophageal sphincter b-oropharynx c-oropharynx d-esophageal hiatus e-gastroesophageal sphincter |
esophageal hiatus
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what happens to pH when someone experiences GERD?
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decrease pH
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the eustachian tube connects what?
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middle ear and nasopharynx
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what cavity is between the gum and lip?
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buccal cavity
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what nerve runs from the 10th cranium along the esophagus?
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vagus nerve
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tube through middle of body important w/ food and digestion?
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Alimentary canal
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___ is a soft ball or lump
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bolus
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what part of the stomach joins with the esophagus?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-body d-pyloric region |
cardia
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what part of the stomach traps gas and is the highest part?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-body d-pyloric region |
fundus
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what part of the stomach is mostly smooth muscle?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-body d-pyloric region |
body
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what is considered the gate guard of the stomach?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-pyloric sphincter d-greater Omentum e-lesser omentum f-body g-pyloric region |
pyloric sphincter
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what forms from the greater curvature?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-pyloric sphincter d-greater Omentum e-lesser omentum f-serous g-pyloric region |
greater omentum
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what holds weight of the stomach?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-pyloric sphincter d-greater Omentum e-lesser omentum f-mesenteries g-pyloric region |
lesser omentum
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what is the fat storage organ of the stomach?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-pyloric sphincter d-greater Omentum e-lesser omentum f-mesenteries g-serous |
greater omentum
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what are double sheets of serous membranes that suspend parts of the GI tract; route for nerves, arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-pyloric sphincter d-greater Omentum e-lesser omentum f-mesenteries g-pyloric region |
mesenteries
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what type of membrane suspends parts of the GI tract, route for nerves, atteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels?
a-Fundus b-cardia c-pyloric sphincter d-serous e-lesser omentum f-mesenteries g-pyloric region |
serous membrane
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what is considered too much stomach tone?
a-hypertonic b-atonic c-orthotonic d-hypotonic |
hypertonic
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what is considered too little stomach tone?
a-hypertonic b-atonic c-orthotonic d-hypotonic |
hypotonic
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what is considered less stomach tone?
a-hypertonic b-atonic c-orthotonic d-hypotonic |
orthotonic
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what is considered no stomach tone?
a-hypertonic b-atonic c-orthotonic d-hypotonic |
atonic
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what are the folds that are formed from the muscular part of the walls of the stomach?
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rugae
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what the three pyloric region?
a-Cardia b-pylorus vein c-pylorus canal d-antrum e-body f-pyloric sphincter g-fundus h-pyloric canal |
antrum, pyloric sphincter, pylorus canal
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what prevents food from going into the nasal cavity?
a-lips b-buccal cavity c-tongue d-salivary glands e-palate f-tonsils |
palate
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what is between the teeth and lip?
a-lips b-buccal cavity c-tongue d-salivary glands e-palate f-tonsils |
buccal cavity
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what part of the small intestine in 25cm?
a-Duodenum b-jejunum c-ileum d-ileocecal sphincter |
what part of the small intestine in 25cm?
-Duodenum |
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what part of the small intestine in 2M?
a-Duodenum b-jejunum c-ileum d-ileocecal sphincter |
JEJUNUM
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what part of the small intestine in 2.75M?
a-Duodenum b-jejunum c-ileum d-ileocecal sphincter |
ILEUM
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the jejunum is 2 cm long
t/f |
false , the jejunum is 2 M long
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the duodenum is __ cm long?
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25 cm
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the ___ is referred to as the "empty" part of the small intestine
a-Duodenum b-jejunum c-ileum d-ileocecal sphincter |
jejunum
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what is the longest portion of the intestine in humans?
a-Duodenum b-jejunum c-ileum d-ileocecal sphincter |
ileum
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what portion of the intestin is 12 fingers in length?
a-Duodenum b-jejunum c-ileum d-ileocecal sphincter |
duodenum
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the rectum is __ in length?
a 10cm b 15cm c 20cm d 25cm e 30cm |
20cm
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what is a thickened mesentery
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ligament
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what adhears to infected parts of the GI tract that undergo inflammation and seal the area
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greater omentum
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the anus has what 2 kinds of sphincters?
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internal and external
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the internal shincter of the anus is considered the ___(#) sphincter
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5th
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the ileocecal sphincter is part of what?
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small intestine
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the ileocecal sphincter is the ___ (#) shpincter
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4th
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what part of the large intesting is considered the blind pouch?
A-Ileum b-Jejunum c-vermiform appendix d-cecum e-colon |
cecum
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what portion of the large intestine is considered worm like?
A-Ileum b-Jejunum c-vermiform appendix d-cecum e-colon |
vermiform appendix
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what drains the abnominal organ?
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hepatic portal vein
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which enter lacteal instead of the liver for a first pass?
lipid like or water like drugs |
lipid like drugs
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____ is connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, ducts of glands, and lymph nodes.
A-epithelium b-mucosa c-lamina propria d-muscularis mucosae e-submucosa |
lamina propria
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____ a very narrow band of smooth muscle
A-epithelium b-mucosa c-lamina propria d-muscularis mucosa e-submucosa |
muscularis mucosae
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___ -type varies with location within tract
A-epithelium b-mucosa c-lamina propria d-muscularis mucosae e-submucosa |
epithelium
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____ = microscopic anatomy
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histology
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what kind of tissue is in the submucosa
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connective tissue
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Nerve plexus in located on the ____
a-mucosa b-submucosa c-serosa d-muscularis |
submucosa
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what has blood and lymphatic vessels and lymphatic nodes?
a-mucosa b-submucosa c-serosa d-muscularis |
submucosa
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___is a collection of nerve cell bodies and fibers that are outside nervous system
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plexus
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____ =joining together 2 things
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anastomosis
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___ layer of the GI tract tube has glands
a-mucosa b-submucosa c-serosa d-muscularis |
submucosa
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___ layer of the GI that has circular and longitudinal smooth muscle
a-mucosa b-submucosa c-serosa d-muscularis e-adventitia f-muscularis externa |
muscularis externa
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___ layer of the GI tube that can have or not have a serous membrane (serosa; visceral peritoneum)
a-mucosa b-submucosa c-serosa d-muscularis e-adventitia f-muscularis externa |
adventitia
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layer of GI tube that has the nerves (myenteric or Auerbachs plexus)
a-mucosa b-submucosa c-serosa d-muscularis e-adventitia f-muscularis externa |
muscular externa
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Whatare the two plexus found in the GI tract?
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submucosal or Meissner's plexus
and myenteric or Auerbach's plexus |
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out of the two plexus found in the GI tract, which controls mainly secretory activity and blood flow?
submucosal or Meissner's plexus or myenteric or Auerbach's plexus |
submucosal or Meissner's plexus
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out of the 2 plexi in the GI tract which is located between the muscle layers of the muscularis externa and regulates contraction and relaxation of GI smooth muscle?
submucosal or Meissner's plexus or myenteric or Auerbach's plexus |
myenteric or Auerbach's plexus
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what cells produce the basic electrical rhythm?
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specialized interstitial cells (of Cajal)
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in basic electrical rhythm, gap junctions are formed with ___
a-serosa b-muscularis externa c-adventitia d-mucosa e-submucosa |
muscular externa
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what rhythm produces slow waves?
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basic electrial rhythm
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the resting membrane potential is -20mV to -60mV
T/F |
false -40mV to -80mV
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what causes depolarization of membrane if threshold is reached
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slow waves
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in slow waves, ___ and ___ are modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic nerves and by hormones
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amplitude and frequency
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what can change the baseline resting point? (two things)
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extrinsic (eating)and hormones
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in the extrinsic-autonomic nervous system, ____ is mainly postganglionic adrenergic fibers
A-sympathetic b-parasympathetic |
sympathetic
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in the extrinsic-autonomic nervous system, ____ is via vagus and pelvic nerves; mainly preganglionic cholinergic fibers
A-sympathetic b-parasympathetic |
parasympathetic
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the fibers are responsible for the parasympathetic control of extrinsic - autonomic nervous system?
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preganglionic cholinergic fibers
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the fibers That are responsible for the sympathetic control of extrinsic - autonomic nervous system?
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postganglionic adrenergic fibers
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what must be reached to produce an AP ?
-number and frequency determines strength of contraction |
electrical threshold
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___ is the baseline level of contraction
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tone
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slow wave threshold, contractoin threshold, electrical threshold and tone are all controlled by ___ and ___
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endogenous/exogenous hormones and neurotransmitter substances(excitatory and inhibitory)
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Which are excitatory compounds?
Ach NO VIP Sub P |
Ach and Sub P
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which of the following are inhibitory compounds
Ach NO VIP Sub P |
vip and NO
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what is involved in a intrinsic reflex?
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sensory imput, afferent pathway, processor, efferent pathway, effector
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what is considered an ineffectual peristalsis?
a-achalasia b-diverticula of the esophagus c-esophageal webs d-carcinoma of the esophagus |
achalasia
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what are the horizontal folds of the mucosa projecting into the lumen?
a-achalasia b-diverticula of the esophagus c-esophageal webs d-carcinoma of the esophagus |
esophageal webs
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__ is an outpocketing of the wall
a-achalasia b-diverticula of the esophagus c-esophageal webs d-carcinoma of the esophagus e-dysphagia |
diverticula of the esophagus
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what is the most frequent cause of dysphagia?
a-achalasia b-diverticula of the esophagus c-esophageal webs d-carcinoma of the esophagus e-dysphagia |
esophageal webs
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what is the 5th cause of death by cancer?
a-achalasia b-diverticula of the esophagus c-esophageal webs d-carcinoma of the esophagus e-dysphagia |
carcinoma of the esophagus
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what is considered difficulty in eating/getting food in the GI tract?
a-achalasia b-diverticula of the esophagus c-esophageal webs d-carcinoma of the esophagus e-dysphagia |
dysphagia
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another name for heartburn is ____ which is mainly caused by ___
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pyrosis = heartburn
gastroesophageal reflex disease |
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what is it called when the walls of the esophagus pinch in?
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strictures of esophagus
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what disease can lead to achalasia and strictures of the esophagus?
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease
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you stomach can accomodate about 1.5 mL
t/f |
false 1.5L
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efferent signals to the PNS to tell you that you are full
t/f |
false
***afferent signals*** to the ***CNS*** to tell you that you are full |
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fasting occurs when there are no contractions for 75 to 90 minutes
T/F |
true
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during fasting, ___ relaxes and any remaing contents are moved out
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pylorus (gate guard b/t stomach and duodeum)
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gastric contractions are initiated by _____ cells- located near middle of body of stomach
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pacemaker cells
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fasting occurs when there are no contractions for periods of 75 t0 90minutes followed by _____ to ____ minutes of _____
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5 to 10 minutes of intense electrical and motor activity
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__ and ___ (parts of stomach) are thin-walled and contract weakly
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fundus and body of stomach
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___ region is thick-walled and contract vigorously (mixing/mechanical breakdown/propulsion out)
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pyloric region
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chyme tends to stratify by __
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density
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what is an upward herniation of the stomach thru the esophgeal hiatus?
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hiatus hernia
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___% sliding type (LES pulls thru diaphragm)
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90%
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what are the symptoms of a hiatus hernia
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retrosternal pain (pyrosis), reflux into mouth
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____type of hiatus hernia occurs when fundus pushes up next to esophagus
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10% pareesophageal type
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what type of hiatus hernia occurs when the LES pulls thru the diaphragm?
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90% sliding type
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what occurs withing hours to two weeks following extreme stress?
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acute stress ulcers
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what is a symptom of acute stress ulcers?
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upper GI bleeding
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Acute stress ulcers are a response to local irritants.
T/F |
false- acute gastritis
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melena or black stool is a symptom of what?
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acute gastritis
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