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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stones in the gallbladder is known as? |
Cholelithiasis |
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Removal of the gallbladder is known as a? |
Cholecystectomy |
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An enlarged gallbladder is known as? |
A hydropic gallbladder |
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In terms of location, where is the gallbladder located within the liver? |
The inferior surface of the liver |
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The gallbladder is responsible for what? |
It is a reservoir for bile.. it concentrates and stores the bile. |
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The most classic symptoms of gallbladder disease is pain in which quadrant, which usually occurs after eating greasy foods? |
Right upper quadrant |
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A gallbladder attack may cause pain to which structure? |
The right shoulder |
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The normal length of the gallbladder in the longitudinal scanning plane should be between which numbers? |
7 - 10 cm |
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The normal length of the gallbladder in the transverse scanning plane should be between which numbers? |
2.5 - 4 cm |
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The wall thickness of the gallbladder should be less than what to be considered normal? |
Less than 3mm |
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The gallbladder is likely to be full of bile when one is fasting or when one has eaten? |
When one is fasting |
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When one eats, the influence of food causes which hormone to signal the gallbladder to release bile? |
Cholecystokinin (CCK) |
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In terms of assessing the gallbladder, which would be more helpful in testing whether the gallbladder is normal or abnormal: a non-fatty meal or a fatty meal? |
A fatty meal |
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If the gallbladder fails to contract even after a fatty meal has been administered, the sonographer should investigate what? |
The pancreatic head |
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The gallbladder is made up of three segments... which portion is the most inferior? |
The fundus |
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The gallbladder is made up of three segments... which segment is between the fundus and the neck? |
The body |
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The gallbladder is made up of three segments... which segment is the most superior? |
The neck |
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The gallbladder is a very flexible organ that can vary in position; however, which segment of the gallbladder always has a fixed position and is attached to the main lobar fissure? |
The neck of the gallbladder |
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Is this a longitudinal or transverse section of the gallbladder? |
Longitudinal |
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The line is pointing to which segment of the gallbladder? |
The fundus |
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The line is pointing to which segment of the gallbladder? |
The body |
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The circle is surrounding which segment of the gallbladder? |
The neck |
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The gallbladder commonly resides in the gallbladder fossa in the ______________ (medial/lateral) aspect of the liver? |
Medial |
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The _____________________ of the liver is a reliable indicator to use in order to locate the gallbladder. |
main lobar fissure |
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Which artery supplies the gallbladder? |
The cystic artery |
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Which vein supplies the gallbladder? |
The cystic vein |
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The cystic artery is a branch of which other artery? |
The right hepatic artery |
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The cystic vein drains directly into which other vein? |
The right portal vein |
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You should only see the cystic vein and artery on ultrasound when what is present? |
Pathology... because they become dilated |
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An abnormal sacculation of the neck of the gallbladder where stones tend to accumulate is known as? |
Hartmann's Pouch |
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This gallbladder is demonstrating which variant? |
A Hartmann's Pouch |
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When the fundus of the gallbladder bends back on itself, this variant is known as? |
Phrygian cap |
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This gallbladder is demonstrating which variant? |
A phrygian cap |
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A fold between the body and the infundibulum of the gallbladder is known as? |
A junctional fold |
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This gallbladder is demonstrating which variant? |
A junctional fold |
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Which variant of the gallbladder is the most common? |
The phrygian cap |
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The segment of the gallbladder that tapers into the cystic duct is known as? |
The neck |
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Before the neck of the gallbladder tapers off into the cystic duct, its lumen contains small valves that prevent kinking of the cystic duct. These valves are known as? |
Heister's valves |
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Which structure extends between the right portal vein and the neck of the gallbladder? It appears as an echogenic linear structure on ultrasound. |
The main lobar fissure |
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When the gallbladder is removed during a cholecystectomy, dilation of which duct is common? |
The common bile duct |
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To ensure maximum dilation of the gallbladder before an ultrasound exam, the patient should not what? |
They should not eat for at least 8 to 12 hours before the exam |
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If you have doubts about whether a gallstone is mobile or non-mobile, you should scan the patient in which positions? |
Supine, left lateral decubitus, right lateral decubitus, and standing |
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In terms of anatomical relationships, the gallbladder is what to the right kidney? |
Anterior |
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In terms of anatomical relationships, the gallbladder is what to the pancreas? |
Lateral |
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In terms of anatomical relationships, the gallbladder is what to the duodenum? |
Lateral |
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In terms of anatomical relationships, the gallbladder is what to the main lobar fissure? |
Posterior and caudal |
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Does this image show a contracted or uncontracted gallbladder? |
Contracted |
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For scanning the gallbladder, the transducer frequency should be between which numbers? |
3.5-5 MHz |
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The common hepatic duct is formed by the confluence between which structures? |
The left and right hepatic ducts |
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The common bile duct is formed by the confluence between which structures? |
The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct |
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The gallbladder first expels its bile through which duct? |
The cystic duct |
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The biliary system has three functions... they include? |
1. Concentrating bile 2. Storing that concentrated bile in the gallbladder 3. Transporting the bile from the liver to the gallbladder and then to the duodenum |
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When bile becomes too concentrated within the gallbladder (thick), it becomes echogenic on ultrasound. This is known as what? |
Sludge |
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Bile, which is produced in the liver and stored and secreted by the gallbladder, helps with the digestion of what? |
Lipids (fats) |
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Bile is the principal medium for the excretion of what? |
bilirubin and cholesterol |
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The ampulla of Vater is formed by the confluence of which structures? |
The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct |
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Bilirubin, a yellow pigment, is formed by the breakdown of what? |
Red blood cells |
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If bilirubin levels rise too high, usually because there is an obstruction somewhere in the biliary system, which disease can occur? |
Jaundince |
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The pancreatic duct is also known as what? |
The Duct of Wirsung |
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The red line is pointing to which structure? |
The right hepatic duct |
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The red line is pointing to which structure? |
The left hepatic duct |
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The red line is pointing to which structure? |
The body of the gallbladder |
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The red line is pointing to which structure (it's a variant)? |
Hartmann's Pouch |
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The red line is pointing to which structure? |
Neck of the gallbladder |
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The red line is pointing to which structure (the valves)? |
Heister's valves |
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The red line is pointing to which structure (the duct)? |
Cystic duct |
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The red line is pointing to which structure? |
The common hepatic duct |
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The red line is pointing to which structure? |
The common bile duct |
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The red line is pointing to which structure? |
The Ampulla of Vater |
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The red line is pointing to which structure? |
The pancreatic duct |
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The small muscle that guards the ampulla of Vater is known as what? |
The Sphincter of Oddi |
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Sonographically, the common bile duct lies ____________ and to the _____ of the portal vein in the region of the porta hepatis. |
anterior; right |
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The central area of the liver where the portal vein, common duct, and hepatic artery enter is known as? |
The porta hepatis |
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The common bile duct should measure between which numbers in a normal patient? |
1 - 7 mm |
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After a cholecystectomy, the common bile duct can measure up to what? |
Up to 10mm |
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You are scanning at the area of the ports hepatis in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Two large tubular structures are identified. How can you identify which structure is the duct and which is the hepatic artery? |
Turn on color doppler |
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Sonographers commonly refer to the porta hepatis as the what? |
Mickey Mouse Sign |
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The hepatic artery lies _________ and to the ______________ of the portal vein. |
anterior; left |
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This image represents which structure? |
The porta hepatis (or portal triad) |
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When the patient feels pain and tenderness after the transducer has been pressed onto their gallbladder, this is termed what? |
Murphy's sign |
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The measurement consistent with a hydropic gallbladder is? |
5.3 cm |
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You are attempting to locate the common hepatic duct at the porta hepatis. What is the most common anatomical relationship of the portal triad at this location? |
The common hepatic duct is anterior to the hepatic artery and portal vein |
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You are requested to perform an ultrasound evaluation of the gallbladder and biliary tree on an elderly female with a small frame. Which of the following transducers is most suited to this task? |
5.0 MHz curved linear array |
