The Foot.

Front 1

What's injured in Pott's fracture?

Back 1

A force hits lateral side of leg, causing eversion. The fibula breaks, the ankle joint dislocates, and deltoid ligament tears OR medial malleolus avulses.

Front 2

What do the superior extensor retinaculum and inferior extensor retinaculum do?

Back 2

Prevent tendons from moving out of place during dorsiflexion.

Front 3

what muscles are in the ANTERIOR compartment?

Back 3

Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexor and invertor), extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneous tertius muscles

(Main action is dorsiflexion)

Front 4

What innervates anterior compartment?

Back 4

Deep peroneal nerve

Front 5

Drop foot - what causes it? what are symptoms?

Back 5

Cause: damage to deep peroneal/fibular nerve.

Symptoms: High steppage gait where foot is lifted higher than normal to prevent toes from scraping across ground. Cannot DORSIFLEX.

Front 6

Origins and insertions of tibialis anterior

Back 6

Tibia/interosseus membrane

Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Front 7

Extensor hallucis longus: origins and insertions

Back 7

Anterior compartment muscle
Origin: fibula/interosseus membrane
Insertion: Distal phalanx of big toe

Front 8

Extensor digitorum longus: origins and insertions

Back 8

Anterior compartment muscle
Origin: fibula/interosseus membrane/tibia
Insertion: Middle and Distal phalanges of toes 2-5 via extensor expansion

Front 9

Peroneus tertius:origins and insertions

Back 9

Origin: Fibula, anterior intermuscular septum

Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal

Front 10

What does the tibialis anterior artery become?

Back 10

Dorsalis pedis artery, midway between malleoli

Front 11

How to test for integrity of deep peroneal nerve?

Back 11

1) Dorsiflexion
2) Cutaneous sensation at juntion of bases of 1st and 2nd toes

Front 12

what muscles are in LATERAL compartment?

Back 12

Peroneus longus and Peroneus brevis.

They plantar flex and evert the foot.

Front 13

What is the nerve supply to the LATERAL compartment?

Back 13

Superficial peroneal nerve

Front 14

Peroneus longus: origins and insertions

Back 14

Origin: Upper fibula
Insertion: Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Tendon is very long and passes behind lateral malleolus, across sole of foot DEEP TO plantar ligament

Acts to evert the foot.

Front 15

Peroneus brevis: origins and insertions

Back 15

Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal.

Stronger abductor than peroneus longus. Found DEEP to peroneus longus.

Front 16

When does the common peroneal nerve branch? What do the branches innervate?

Back 16

Either before or after it penetrates the posterior intermuscular septum.

Deep peroneal : anterior compartment
Superficial peroneal: lateral compartment

Front 17

Does the superficial peroneal nerve have a companion artery?

Back 17

NO

Front 18

What path does the superficial peroneal nerve take?

Back 18

Goes between peroneus longus and brevis

Front 19

What is the vasculature of the lateral compartment?

Back 19

Perforating branches of the anterior tibial and peroneal arteries

Front 20

Muscles on dorsum of foot?

Back 20

Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis

Innervated by deep peroneal nerve

Front 21

Extensor hallucis brevis:origins and insertions

Back 21

Origin: calcaneus
Insertion: proximal phalanx of big toe

Extends big toe

Front 22

Extensor digitorum brevis: origins and insertions

Back 22

Origin: calcaneus
Insertion: toes 2-4

Front 23

What is the vasculature of the dorsum of the foot derived from?

Back 23

Dorsalis pedis

Front 24

Muscles of SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR compartment

Back 24

Gastrocnemius (med and lat heads), Soleus, Plantaris

Front 25

Muscles of DEEP POSTERIOR compartment

Back 25

Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, popliteus

Front 26

Gastrocnemius: origins and insertions

Back 26

origins: above medial and lateral condyles of femur
insertions: calcaneus

Plantar flexes the foot.

Front 27

Soleus: origins and insertions

Back 27

origins: fibula/soleal line of tibia
insertions: calcaneus

Plantar flexes the foot

Front 28

Popliteus: origins and insertions

Back 28

origins:Femur/lateral meniscus
insertions: tibia

Front 29

What muscle unlocks the knee by laterally rotating femur?

Back 29

Popliteus

Front 30

When the knee is in full extension, what direction is the femur rotated?

Back 30

Medial

Front 31

What nerve innervates posterior compartment?

Back 31

Tibial

Front 32

Flexor digitorum longus: origins and insertions

Back 32

Origin: tibia
Insertion: Distal phalanges toes 2-5

FLEXES these toes

Front 33

Flexor hallucis longus: origins and insertions

Back 33

Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx of big toe

Front 34

Tibialis posterior: origins and insertions

Back 34

Origin:Fibula, interosseus membrane, tibia
Insertion: all tarsal bones except talus and calcaneus

Front 35

What is the action of the tibialis posterior?

Back 35

Inverts and adducts foot

Front 36

Tendo calcaneus: what muscles form this tendon?

Back 36

Can be thought of as the combined tendon of the soleus and gastrocnemius

Front 37

What artery goes along with the tibial nerve to supply the posterior compartment?

Back 37

Posterior tibial artery

Front 38

What artery supplies the anterior compartment?

Back 38

Anterior tibial artery (Deep to tibialis anterior)

Front 39

What is strange about the flexor hallucis longus?

Back 39

Although it arises LATERALLY from the fibula, it crosses medially to insert on the big toe.

Front 40

What passes under the sustentaculum tali?

Back 40

Flexor hallucis longus

Front 41

What does the quadratus plantae do?

Back 41

Joins the flexor digitorum longus to straighten out its pull

Front 42

What does the tibial nerve branch into? What does these innervate?

Back 42

Branches into the medial and lateral plantar nerves.

Front 43

What does the popliteal artery split into?

Back 43

The popliteal artery (actually a continuation of the femoral artery) <b> trifurcates</b> to become the anterior and posterior tibial arteries and peroneal artery.

Front 44

What are the tarsus bones?

Back 44

Calcaneus, talus, cuboid (lateral), first-third cuneiforms, navicular (medial)

Front 45

What is the arrangement of the 5 things that pass behind the medial malleolus?

Back 45

TOM DICK AN HARRY
From lateral to medial:
Tibialis posterior; flexor Digitorum longus; posterior tibial Artery; tibial Nerve; flexor Hallucis longus

Front 46

What is the true ankle joint?

Back 46

Talo-crural joint.

Only talus articulates with tibia and fibula here.

Front 47

What is the spring ligament?

Back 47

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Head of talus articulates with navicular anteriorly and calcaneus posteriorly

Front 48

Tendon of peroneus longus

Back 48

Supports the transverse arch

Front 49

What attaches to the flexor digitorum longus to straighten out the pull of the otherwise diagonally placed tendom?

Back 49

Quadratus plantae

Front 50

Flexor digitorum brevis: Origin and insertion

Back 50

Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Middle phalanges of toes 2-5

Front 51

Quadratus plantae: Origin and insertion

Back 51

Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus (it corrects the medial pull of the muscle)

Front 52

Lumbricals: Origin and insertion

Back 52

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: Extensor expansions of extensor digitorum longus

Front 53

Lumbricals: Action

Back 53

Flexes: MP joints
Extends: more distal interphalangeal joints