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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ovaries: Where? Explain what they are |
- Located in the abdomen, below most of the digestive system - The ovaries... are paired- there are 2 of them are enclosed in a tough protective capsule produce eggs (aka - ovum or follicles) produce female sex hormones |
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Follicles - Consist of what? - What do they do? - When are the follicles made? - How many will be released? |
- One egg cell surrounded by layers of follicle cells.
- They nourish and protect the developing egg cell. - Before birth. - Only a few 100 out of 400,000. |
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Follicles Are the cells mature? |
- One (very rarely 2 or more) follicle matures and releases its egg during each menstrual cycle-each month during the females reproductive years. |
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Estrogen |
- Causes the female secondary sex characteristics, wider hips, more body fat,
- Necessary for breast development At ovulation, the egg "explodes" out of the folicle leaving behind the follicular tissue. - The tissue grows into a solid mass called a Corpus Luteum which secretes progesterone- necessary for pregnancy. |
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Oviduct: - what is it also called? - Explain what happens |
a.k.a. - Fallopian tube - Conducts eggs to the uterus - Fertilization occurs here - If embryo grows here = ectopic pregnancy - The ovary and oviduct don't actually touch - The egg is released into the abdominal cavity and is "sucked" into the oviduct - Oviduct has fingers called "fimbrae" and hairs called "cilia" that vibrate and sweep the egg into the tube by swishing body fluids toward itself. These cilia also help move the egg towards the uterus |
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Fallopian Tubes also called? what happens there? |
Oviducts Connects ovary to uterus Is the site of fertilization |
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Tubal Ligation |
Fallopian tubes (oviducts) are cut and burned in sterilization procedure called "tubual ligation." |
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Uterus also called? describe and explain it. |
- Womb - Houses and nurtures the developing fetus - Oviducts enter at the top - Cervix (opening) at the bottom - The lining is called the endometrium It is richly supplied with blood vessels Varies in thickness depends on the stage of the menstral cycle Controlled by hormones 2 layers; Basal layer = stable, does not change thickness Functional layer = changes thickness with menstruation |
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Endometrium |
- Lining of uterus (nest for embryo). - Thickens and vascularizes in follicular phase to receive zygote. - Is the site of implantation of embryo. |
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Myometrium |
Mascular wall of uterus. Contracts in labor and menstruation. |
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Vagina |
- Birth canal - leads to and from uterus - Approx 7.5 cm in length - pH = 4.5 - The cervix is located at the upper end - Receives penis during sexual intercourse - Elastic to facilitate sexual intercourse and birth. Glands secrete mucus. - Partially covered by hymen. |
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First phase of Menstrual Cycle |
Flow Phase: days 1-5-menstruation- endometrium is bring shed. |
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Second phase of Menstrual Cycle |
Follicular phase: Days 6-13-follicles and ovum develops in ovaries, endometrium is restored, estrogen is produced by follice cells. Oogenesis |
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Third phase of Menstrual Cycle |
Ovulation: day 14 oocyte bursts from ovary |
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Fourth phase of Menstrual Cycle |
Luteal Phase: day 15-28-corpus luteum forms, endometrium thickens-waiting for possible implantation of zygote (embryo). Estrogen and progestrone produced by corpus luteum. |
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Role of Estrogen |
- Thickens the endometrium.
- Causes second sex characteristics- breast development, fat deposits, hair, skin oil, behaviour-leading to mating. - Secreted by developing follicle in follicular phase. - Secreted by corpus luteum in luteal phase |
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Ovulation: Day 14 |
- Mature ovum expelled from ovary into the fallopian tube. - Ovum will only live for 24 h, sperm live 72 h. This may vary from source to source. |
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Luteal Ohase |
- Days 15-28 - Waiting for embryo to implant - Old follicle (corpus luteum) secretes progesterone to calm the myometrium and more estrogen to maintain the endometrium for possible implantation following fertilization. - If NO implantation occurs by day 28 (no pregnancy) endometrium is shed (menstruation-days 1-5) and the cycle starts over. |
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GnRH |
- (Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone) from hypothalamus |
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FSH |
Follicle Stimulating hormone from Anterior Pituitary |
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LH |
Leutinizing Hormone from Anterior Pituitary |
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Estrogen |
from developing follicle (d1-14) and corpus luteum (d15-28) |
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Progesterone |
from corpus luteum (d 15-28) |
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Study diagram pckg pg 12 |
Study diagram package page 12
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MEnopause |
At menopause GnRH stops, so no ovulation, no estrogen/progrsterone secretion, reduced secondary sex characteristics |
