The Eye And Ear Ch. 17

Front 1

Caruncle

Back 1

Portions of the medial canthus that contain sebaceous and sweat glands

Front 2

Tarsal Plates

Back 2

Flat CT that support the eyelids internally and attach muscles to the eyelids

Front 3

Obicularis Oculi

Back 3

Encircles the eye and when it contracts, the eye closes

Front 4

Levator Palpebrae Superiors Muscle

Back 4

Opens eyelid

Front 5

Tarsal Glands

Back 5

Produce oily secretion, found in tarsal plates, lubricates eye and prevents lids from sticking together

Front 6

Chalazion

Back 6

Cyst caused by infection of a tarsal gland

Front 7

Sty

Back 7

Inflammation of any of the smaller glands

Front 8

Conjunctiva

Back 8

Delicate mucous membrane that produces lubricating mucus that prevents eye form drying out

Front 9

Palpebral Conjunctiva

Back 9

Lines eyelids

Front 10

Ocular (bulbar) Conjunctiva

Back 10

Lies over whites of eye, but not the cornea

Front 11

Conjunctiva Sac

Back 11

slit-like space found between conjunctiva covered eyeball and the eyelids (contacts lie, and medications are administered)

Front 12

Conjunctivitis

Back 12

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, resulting in reddened irritated eyes (blood shot)

Front 13

Pinkeye

Back 13

Infectious form caused by bacteria or viruses, highly contagious

Front 14

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Back 14

Originate from the orbit and insert on the outer surface of eyeball, control movements of eyeball

Front 15

Lateral Rectus

Back 15

Moves eye laterally (CN VI)

Front 16

Medial Rectus

Back 16

Moves eye medially (CN III)

Front 17

Superior Rectus

Back 17

Elevates or rolls eye upward (CN III)

Front 18

Inferior Rectus

Back 18

Depresses eye or rolls it downward (CN III)

Front 19

Inferior Oblique

Back 19

Elevates and turns eyes laterally (CN III)

Front 20

Superior Oblique

Back 20

Depresses and turns eye latterally (CN IV)

Front 21

Strabismus

Back 21

Cross-eyed, usually caused by congenial weakness of eye muscles

Front 22

Lacrimal Apparatus

Back 22

Consists of lacrimal gland and ducts that drain the lacrimal secretions into the nasal cavity

Front 23

Lacrimal Gland

Back 23

Lies in orbit above the lateral end of the eye and produces the lacrimal secretion released into conjunctival sac

Front 24

Lacrimal Secreation

Back 24

Tears, a saline solution which contains mucus, antibodies, and lysosyme that cleanses, protects, and lubricates eye

Front 25

Eyeball

Back 25

Slightly irregular hollow sphere, consists of three tunics, and is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the lens

Front 26

Anterior Segment of Eye

Back 26

Contains aqueous humor

Front 27

Posterior Segment of Eye

Back 27

Contains gel-like vitreous humor

Front 28

Fibrous Tunic

Back 28

Outermost coat of the eye, composed of dense, avascular connective tissue

Front 29

Cornea

Back 29

Transparent and serves as the window of the eye, located in the anterior segment, helps to focus entering light rays

Front 30

Sclera

Back 30

White portion of the eye, continuous with cornea, protects and provides anchoring site for extrinsic eye muscles

Front 31

Vascular Tunic

Back 31

Middle layer

Front 32

Choroid

Back 32

Contains blood vessels which nourish tissue, and melanocytes which absorb excess light

Front 33

Ciliary Body

Back 33

Consists of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes, encircles lens and changes lens shape during accommodation

Front 34

Suspensory Ligaments

Back 34

Suspends lens

Front 35

Iris

Back 35

Visible colored part of eye, Lies between the cornea and lens, controls the size of the pupil

Front 36

Pupil

Back 36

Central opening in the iris, allows light to enter the eye

Front 37

Photoreceptors

Back 37

Rods- dim light, peripheral vision
Cones- bright light, high acquity color vision

Front 38

Fovea Centralis

Back 38

Area of retina that contains only cones, produces sharpest vision

Front 39

Optic Disc

Back 39

Blind spot, area of retina where the optic nerve exits, contains no photoreceptors

Front 40

Lens

Back 40

Consists of transparent crystallin proteins, flexible structure held in place just posterior to the iris, changes shape to allow precise focusing of light on retina

Front 41

Auricle

Back 41

Funnel-shaped, portion of outer ear

Front 42

External Auditory Meatus

Back 42

S-shaped tube that leads to the tympanic membrane

Front 43

Ceruminous Glands

Back 43

Secrete sticky cerumen (earwax) that traps foreign bodies and repels insects

Front 44

Tympanic Membrane

Back 44

Eardrum, a thin, fibrous connective membrane that forms a boundary between outer and middle ear, vibrates in response to sound and moves ossicles

Front 45

Tympanic Cavity

Back 45

Space between the eardrum and bony wall

Front 46

Eustacian Tube

Back 46

Auditor tube, connects middle ear to throat, allows air pressure to equalize on both sides of eardrum

Front 47

Ossicles

Back 47

Three small bones spanning the tympanic cavity, named for their shapes, transmit vibrations of eardrum to oval window

Front 48

Malleus

Back 48

Hammer shaped, connects to tympanic membrane

Front 49

Incus

Back 49

Anvil shaped, between malleus and stapes

Front 50

Stapes

Back 50

Stirrup shaped, attached to oval window

Front 51

Tensor Tympani

Back 51

Muscle arises from the wall of the Eustachian tube and inserts on the handle of the malleus, reduces vibrations of ossicles to prevent damage to hearing receptors

Front 52

Osseous Labyrinth

Back 52

Series of bony canals, filled with perilymph, consists of vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals, found in inner ear

Front 53

Membranous Labyrinth

Back 53

Series of membranous canals contained with the osseous labyrinth, filled with endolymph, found in inner ear

Front 54

Perilymph and Endolymph

Back 54

These two fluids conduct sound vibrations involved in hearing and respond to changes in body position

Front 55

Vestibule

Back 55

Central cavity of osseous labyrinth, lies posterior to cochlea and anterior to semicircular canals, contains perilymph

Front 56

Saccule

Back 56

Continuous with membranous labyrinth extending anteriorly into cochlea, sense changes in static equilibrium

Front 57

Utricle

Back 57

Continuous with ducts extending posteriorly into the semicircular canals, sense changes in static equilibrium

Front 58

Semicircular Canals

Back 58

Three canals posterior to vestibule, each has an enlarged ampulla on one end

Front 59

Ampulla

Back 59

Houses crista ampullaris which senses dynamic equilibrium

Front 60

Cochlea

Back 60

Bony chamber which contains the membranous cochlear duct containing the organ of corti

Front 61

Organ of Corti

Back 61

Receptor organ for hearing

Front 62

Basilar Membrane

Back 62

Floor of cochlear duct that supports organ of corti

Front 63

Vestibular Nerve

Back 63

Carries balance and equilibrium impulses from vestibular apparatus

Front 64

Cochlear Nerve

Back 64

Carries impulses from hearing receptors to the brain

Front 65

Transmission of Sound into Inner Ear

Back 65

External Auditory Meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, fluid in cochlea, basilar membrane, hair cells of organ of corti, sensory fibers of cochlear nerve, auditory nerve, auditory area of brain

Front 66

Static Equilibrium

Back 66

Orientation of our head and body when we are standing still

Front 67

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 67

Our ability to maintain spatial orientation and posture in response to sudden changes in movement

Front 68

Deafness

Back 68

Any hearing loss

Front 69

Conduction Deafness

Back 69

When something interferes with the conduction of the sound vibrations to the fluids of the inner ear

Front 70

Sensorineural Deafness

Back 70

Results from damage to neural structures, may cause partial or complete deafness

Front 71

Tinnitus

Back 71

Ringing or clicking sound in ears, in the absence of auditory stimuli

Front 72

Motion Sickness

Back 72

An equilibrium disorder due to a sensory input mismatch