The Eye And Ear

Front 1

inattentional blindness

Back 1

failing to see visible objects when focused on something else

Front 2

selective attention

Back 2

focus on a certain stimulus
-can be dangerous (texting/driving)

Front 3

sensation

Back 3

-receptors receive/represent stimulus energies from our environment

Front 4

change blindness

Back 4

failing to notice changes

Front 5

thresholds

Back 5

-min stimulus needed to notice 50% of the time

Front 6

transduction

Back 6

-conversion of one energy to another
-energy into neural impulses

Front 7

wavelegnth

Back 7

-distance from peak to peak
-determines HUE: color

Front 8

amplitude

Back 8

-min to max
-determines INTENSITY - amount of energy: brightness

Front 9

hue

Back 9

-color
-wavelength

Front 10

intensity

Back 10

-brightness
-amplitude

Front 11

cones

Back 11

-color and detail
-fovea: center

Front 12

rods

Back 12

-black, white, gray
-peripheral, twilight

Front 13

cornea

Back 13

outer shell
-must stay moist: blinking

Front 14

iris

Back 14

muscle tissue that controls pupil opening size

Front 15

pupil

Back 15

-where light enters
-adjustable opening/aperture

Front 16

lens

Back 16

changes shape to help focus images on the retina

Front 17

fovea

Back 17

point of central focus

Front 18

optic nerve

Back 18

connects to brain's visual cortex(occipital lobe)

Front 19

retina

Back 19

-back screen of the eye
-receptor rods, neurons
-cones/rods
-begins processing info

Front 20

retinal process

Back 20

1. entering light triggers a reaction in the rods/cones
2. chem reac activates bipolar cells
3. bip cells activate ganglion cells

-transmits the neural impulse to cortex
-works back to front

Front 21

visual info processing

Back 21

1. retina
2. optic nerve
3. thalamus
4. visual cortex (occ lobe)

Front 22

3 color theory

Back 22

retina contains RGB = all colors

Front 23

blind spot

Back 23

-no receptors
-optic nerve leaves the eye

Front 24

feature detector

Back 24

nerve cells that respond to certain stimuli
-shape, angle, mvmt

Front 25

parallel processing

Back 25

many things at once

Front 26

color blindness

Back 26

-missing ones
-mono.di chromatic: 1 or 2 colors only

Front 27

opponent process theory

Back 27

-opposing ret processes produce all colors (opp colors: B/or)

Front 28

audition

Back 28

sense/act of of hearing

Front 29

sound waves

Back 29

-stimulus
-brief air pressure changes
-transform to neural impulses

Front 30

frequency

Back 30

# of waves / time
-pitch

Front 31

pitch

Back 31

-tones
-high/lowness
-depends on FREQUENCY

Front 32

decibel

Back 32

measuring unit for sound

Front 33

eardrum

Back 33

vibrates the waves

Front 34

middle ear

Back 34

transmits vibrations
-piston to cochlea

Front 35

cochlea

Back 35

1. sound waves trigger neural impulses
2. oval window vibrates / fluid enters
3. membrane bend hairs
4. hair mvmt impulses nerve cells
5. axons in aud nerve sends neural messages to temporal aud cortex

Front 36

piston = auditory ossicles

Back 36

-hammer
-anvil
-stirrup/oval window
-eardrum

Front 37

path

Back 37

-outer ear
-eardrum
-piston
-cochlea
-auditory nerve
-brain

Front 38

frequency theory

Back 38

rate of nerve impulse = frequency
-low sounds

Front 39

sensorineural loss

Back 39

damage to cochlea's receptor cells

Front 40

cochlear implant

Back 40

electrodes, el signals to create impulse

Front 41

cup ear

Back 41

to funnel the sound

Front 42

place theory

Back 42

links pitch we hear to the place where the cochlea membrane is stimulated
-high sounds

Front 43

basiliar membrane

Back 43

shelf that separates two tubes in cochlea