The Executive Branch

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electoral college

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a body of electors chosen by the voters in each state to elect the president and vice president of the U.S.

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elector

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a person who elects or may elect, especially a qualified voter.

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Executive order

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an order having the force of law issued by the president of the U.S. to the army, navy, or other part of the executive branch of the government.

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pardon

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kind indulgence, as in forgiveness of an offense or discourtesy or in tolerance of a distraction or inconvenience

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reprieve

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to delay the impending punishment or sentence of (a condemned person).

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amnesty

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a general pardon for offenses, especially political offenses, against a government, often granted before any trial or conviction

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foreign policy

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a policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations, designed to achieve national objectives

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national security

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a collective term for the defense and foreign relations of a country, protection of the interests of a country

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treaty

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a formal agreement between two or more states in reference to peace, alliance, commerce, or other international relations

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executive agreement

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an agreement, usually pertaining to administrative matters and less formal than an international treaty, made between chiefs of state without senatorial approval

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ambassador

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a diplomatic official of the highest rank, sent by one sovereign or state to another as its resident representative (ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary)

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trade sanction

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1.

A trade penalty imposed by one nation onto one or more other nations.Sanctions can be unilateral, imposed by only one country on one other country, or multilateral, imposed by one or more countries on a number of different countries. Often allies will impose multilateral sanctions on their foes.

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embargo

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an order of a government prohibiting the movement of merchant ships into or out of its ports.

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cabinet

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a piece of furniture with shelves, drawers, etc., for holding or displaying items

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federal bureaucracy

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1.

government by many bureaus, administrators, and petty officials. 2. the body of officials and administrators, especially of a government or government department. 3. excessive multiplication of, and concentration of power in, administrative bureaus or administrators.

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independent agency

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Independent agencies of the United States federal government are thoseagencies that exist outside of the federal executive departments (those headed by a Cabinet secretary).

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government corporation

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A government-owned corporation, also known as a state-owned company, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, or commercial governmentagency, is a legal entity created by a government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of thegovernment.

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Political Appointee

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According to the United States Office of Government Ethics, a political appointee is “any employee who is appointed by the President, the Vice President, or agency head”. In the United States, political appointees are subject to heavy ethical restrictions, more so than their elected counterparts.

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Civil Service Worker

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The term civil service can refer to either a branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed (hired) on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations

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civil service system

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he term civil service can refer to either a branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed (hired) on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations; or the body of employees in any government agency apart from the military

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Spoils System

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In the politics of the United States, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters

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merit system

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The merit system is the process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections. It is the opposite of the spoils system.