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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hormones
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Body's Chemical messengers
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Gland
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Group of cells that produces and secretes hormones
selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product, or hormone, for use in the body |
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Ducts
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tubes that lead from a gland to a target organ
*Endocrine glands = ductless glands* |
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Pituitary gland
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controls all endocrine glands
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Posterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland
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hormones produced in the hypothalamus
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Anterior Pituitary Gland
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Regulate the activities of the other endorcrine glands
produces and releases its own hormones which are then stimulated by the hypothalamus |
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Thyroid Gland
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located in the front, lower neck
Produces hormones that control body metabolism |
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Parathyroid Glands
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located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and consist of 4 or more small glands
control the amount of calcium and phosphate in the blood |
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Pancreas
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located back of the abdomen, behind the stomach
Both an endocrine & exocrine gland |
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Adrenal Glands
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*Suprarenal Glands
Located in thoacic abdomen, atop of the kidneys |
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Adrenal Cortex
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Secretes Corticosteroids
-mineralocorticoids -glucocorticoids |
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Adrenal Medulla
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Secretes Catecholamines
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Adrenal Cortex Hormones
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*Adrencortical Steroids*
Corticosteroids: Mineralocorticoids -Aldosterone Glucocorticoids -Cortisol Androgens -Estrogens |
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What do Corticosteroids influence or regulate?
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sodium, potassium, and water
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What does the Mineralocorticoids affect?
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the electrolyte composition of body fluids
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What does Aldosterone do?
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Increases the sodium reabsorption and increasing potassium secretion
kidneys retain sodium & water->body fluid increases->blood pressure increases |
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What does glucocorticoids affect?
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Glucose metabolism
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What does Cortisol do?
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Converts fat into glucose and suppress the inflammatory response
Secondarily regulates carbohydrate metabolism, the immune system and helps maintain blood pressure |
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What does Androgens do?
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Convert into estrogens and are responsible for sexual traits
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What are the Adrenal Medulla Hormones?
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Epinephrine
Norephinephrine |
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What does Epinephrine do?
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Boosts oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles
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What does Norephinephrine do?
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Increses the heart rate
triggers the release of gluscose from energy store increases the blood flow to skeletal muscles |
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What are the Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones?
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Somatotropic
Thyroid Stimulating Adrenocorticotropic Follicle Stimulating Luteinizing Luteotropic |
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What does the Somatotropic Hormone stimulate?
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Bone and surrounding tissue growth
Promotes increased cell size and cell division Increases protein production in all cells Use of fatty acids for energy |
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What does the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone stimulate?
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rate of secretion of thyroxine by the thyroid gland->controls the rate of most chemical actions in the body
Production and secretion of thyroid gland hormones |
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What does Adrenocorticotropic Hormone do?
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Secretion of glucocorticoids
Stimulates the growth of the adrenal cortex Increases secretions of adrenal cortex in response to stress |
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What are the Gonadotropin Hormones?
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone Luteotropic Hormone |
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What does FSH do?
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Initiates follicle development of the ovaries in females
Stimulates the secretion of estrogens by ovarian cells in combo wih the luteingizing hormone Stimulates spermatogenesis in men Controls growth of the gonads through increased testosterone production |
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What does the Luteinizing Hormone do?
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Final development of the ovary follicles
Induces ovulation Stimulates testicles to produce testosterone |
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Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones
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Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin |
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What does the Antidiuretic Hormone do?
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Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys->constriction of blood vessels->increases blood pressure
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What does Oxytocin do?
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smooth muscle contraction in wall of uterus
used for labor and delivery stimulates milk let down |
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Thyroid Gland Hormones
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Thyroxine
Triiodothyronie Calcitonin |
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What does Thyroxine do?
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Regulates metabolism and growth
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What does Triiodothyronine do?
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Combos with Thyroxine to control metabolism of every cell in body by:
increasing oxygen and energy consumption increasing protein and glucose production increasing cholesterol breakdown and heart rate affects blood pressure |
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What does Calcitonin do?
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Decrease calcium absorption and osteoclast activity
makes bones stronger |
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What does the Parathyroid Gland Hormone do?
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Increases calcium concentrations by removing it from the bone
Reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys Reduces urinary loss Stimulate formation and secretion of calcitriol @ kidneys |
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What are the 2 Endocrine Pancreas Hormones?
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Insulin
Glucagon |
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What does Insulin do?
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Increases Glucose uptake
Lowers blood glucose |
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What does Glucagon do?
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Increases glucose concentration in the blood
Increase blood sugar levels |
