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11 Cards in this Set
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The Enlightenment Background History |
1: Scientific Revolution (Mid 1500s) led to the Enlightenment 2: Scientific Revolution focused on the world and nature more than religion 3: Philosophers admired Isaac Newton, Copernicus, Galileo, and other scientists because they used reason to explain laws governing nature 4: The Enlightenment--European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society, government, religion, economics and education |
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The Philosophers Thomas Hobbes |
1:Wrote “Leviathan” (sea monster) 2- Needed government to keep order 3- Social contract theory: people gave up rights to a government to be protected 4- Ruler needed total power to keep control—absolute monarchy |
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The Philosophers John Locke |
1- Favored self-government 2-Natural Rights—life, liberty, property 3-Wrote “Two Treatises on Government” |
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The Philosophers Voltaire |
1: Condemned injustice 2- Thought enlightened monarchy was best to lead 3-Targeted churches, clergy, aristocracy, government he thought were corrupt with weapon of wit 4-Believed in tolerance, reason, freedom of speech and freedom of religion |
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The Philosophers Baron de Montesquieu |
1- Believed power should distributed among a few groups 2-Separation of powers—division of power among separate branches of government 3-Keep any individual from gaining too much power-Later called “checks and balances 4-”Wrote “On the Spirit of Laws” |
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The Philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
1-Civilization corrupted people’s natural goodness 2-“Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains 3-”Government should be freely formed by people and guided by general will of society—direct democracy!!! 4-Wrote “Social Contract” |
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The Philosophers Mary Wollstonecraft |
1-Wrote “Vindication of the Rights of Women” 2-Women need education 3-Women’s right to participate in politicsBelieved everyone was equal (men and women) 4-Did not believe in the institution of marriage |
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The Philosophers Simon Bolivar |
1-South American Revolutionary -Liberated most of South America from Spanish control 2-Studied Rousseau, Locke, Voltaire and Thomas Jefferson = inspired by their ideas 3-Used Enlightenment Ideas for revolution |
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The Philosophers Thomas Jefferson |
1- American Founding Father 2-Believed in the “common man”Government should carry out the wishes of the people 3-Did not want the central government to have too much power 4-Believed in state and individual rights |
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The Philosophers James Madison |
1-American Founding Father 2-Persuasive sharp mind, well tempered 3-Struggled to gain authority amongst large groups 4-Believed in individual rights 5-Resisted central government but increased its powers when necessary -Feared “tyranny of the majority” |
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Impact of the Enlightenment |
1-Theories inspired American, French and other revolutionary movements in the 1800s 2-Checks and balances and separation of powers basis for US Constitution 4-Belief in ProgressSecular (Non-Religious) Outlook 5-Importance of the Individual |
