The Endocrine System.

Front 1

The hormone called human growth plays a role in:

a. normal development

b. restoring homeostasis of a variable which is out of balance

c. reproductive cycles in women and hormone production by the testes

Back 1

a

Front 2

The target cell of the hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone is found in the:

Back 2

anterior pituitary

Front 3

The __________ for hormones can be found inside the cell and on the surface of a cell.

Back 3

receptors

Front 4

The receptors for gonadal hormones (e.g., estrogen) are found:

Back 4

inside the cell

Front 5

Causes the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone:

Back 5

TSH

Front 6

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol:

Back 6

ACTH

Front 7

Causes the follicle to release estrogen:

Back 7

LH

Front 8

Causes the interstitial cells of the testes to release testosterone:

Back 8

LH

Front 9

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

Back 9

Prolactin

Front 10

__________ is a hormone that is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.

Back 10

Calcitonin is involved in helping to regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood, opposing the action of parathyroid hormone.

Front 11

_________ aka thyroid hormone sets the basal metabolic rate, stimulates the enzymes involved with glucose oxidation and controls heat production.

Back 11

Thyroxine

Front 12

True or false:

Hormone receptors are specific. This means that each hormone has its own receptor, and incapable of binding to the receptor for a different hormone.

Back 12

True

Front 13

True or false:

A single cell may only express a single type of receptor. This means that a single cell can only be stimulated by a single hormone.

Back 13

False

Front 14

Hormones are grouped based on their chemical makeup. Steroid hormones have what characteristic?

Back 14

Made from cholesterol

Front 15

With one exception, amino-acid hormones cannot enter a cell. The reason for this restriction is that they are:

Back 15

-Hydrophilic

-Cannot penetrate past the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane

Front 16

Steroid hormones can enter a cell. The reason they are able to move across the cell membrane is that they are:

Back 16

-Hydrophobic

-They are able to pass through the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane

Front 17

The amino acid hormone which behaves like a steroid hormone is:

Back 17

Thyroxine (thyroid hormone)

Front 18

With one exception, the receptors for amino acid hormones are found:

Back 18

On the outer surface of the target cell

Front 19

Steroid hormone receptors are found:

Back 19

Within the target cell

Front 20

Adrenocorticotropic hormone causes the the adrenal cortex to release its hormones:

Back 20

Hormonal stimulation

Front 21

The sympathetic nervous system causes the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline:

Back 21

Neural stimulation

Front 22

High calcium levels in the blood causes the thyroid gland to release calcitonin:

Back 22

Humoral stimulation

Front 23

Low calcium levels in the blood causes the parathyroid gland to release parathyroid hormone:

Back 23

Humoral stimulation

Front 24

Suckling by an infant causes the release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary:

Back 24

Neural stimulation

Front 25

For one hormone to have an effect on its target cell, another and different hormone must bind at the same time:

Back 25

Permissive

Front 26

When two different hormones bind at the same time on the same cell, the total effect is much greater than the sum of the effects of each one binding alone:

Back 26

Synergistic

Front 27

The effect of one hormone binding to its target cell is inhibited by another and different hormone binding to the same target cell:

Back 27

Antagonistic

Front 28

True or false:

Insulin and glucagon are synergistic hormones.

Back 28

False

Front 29

Cortisol

Back 29

Glucocorticoids

Front 30

Androgen

Back 30

Gonadocorticoids

Front 31

Aldosterone

Back 31

Mineralcorticoids

Front 32

Helps the body cope with long term stress:

Back 32

Cortisol

Front 33

Suppresses the immune system and inflammation:

Back 33

Cortisol

Front 34

Cells of the kidney respond to decreases in blood volume and blood pressure by releasing renin which cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin ll; angiotensin ll causes release of this hormone; it causes kidney cells to reabsorb sodium; when this happens, water is reasorbed:

Back 34

Aldosterone

Front 35

Causes the kidney to reabsorb sodium; when this happens, water is also reabsorbed:

Back 35

Anti-diuretic hormone

Front 36

Plays a role in onset of puberty and the development of secondary sex characteristics in both boys and girls:

Back 36

Androgen

Front 37

The hormones released by the adrenal medulla are grouped as:

Back 37

Catecholamines

Front 38

Hormones released by the _______ _______, mimic the response of the sympathetic nervous division under conditions of acute stress, fight or flight response:

Back 38

Adrenal medulla

Front 39

Below the hypothalamus, connected by the infundibulum:

Back 39

Pituitary gland

Front 40

On the front of the trachea, just below the larynx:

Back 40

Thyroid gland

Front 41

Anterior pituitary hormones:

Back 41

-GH

-ACTH

-TSH

-Prolactin

-FSH

-LH

Front 42

Posterior pituitary hormones:

Back 42

-ADH also vasopression

-Oxytocin

Front 43

Thyroid gland hormones:

Back 43

-T3 and T4

-Calcitonin

Front 44

Parathyroid gland hormones:

Back 44

-PTH

Front 45

Adrenal cortex hormones:

Back 45

-Cortisol

-Aldosterone

-Androgens

Front 46

Adrenal medulla hormones:

Back 46

-Epinephrine (sympathomimetic)

-Norepinephrine

Front 47

Pancreas hormones:

Back 47

-Glucagon

-Insulin

-Somatostatin

Front 48

Female ovary hormones:

Back 48

-Estrogen

-Progesterone

-Inhibin

-Relaxin

Front 49

Male testes hormones:

Back 49

-Testosterone

-Inhibin

Front 50

Atrial natriuretic peptide:

Back 50

Heart

Front 51

Melanin:

Back 51

Pineal gland

Front 52

Erythropoietin, active vitamin D:

Back 52

Kidneys

Front 53

Thymosin:

Back 53

Thymus gland

Front 54

Gastrin, ghrelin:

Back 54

Stomach

Front 55

Secretin, cholecystokinin:

Back 55

Small intestine

Front 56

Leptin:

Back 56

Adipose tissue

Front 57

Increases the rate of cell division in tissues capable of mitosis, increases the rate of amino acid uptake by cells and their use in protein synthesis, and promotes the use of fats for energy production:

Back 57

GH

Front 58

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce its hormones, especially cortisol:

Back 58

ACTH

Front 59

Stimulates growth of thyroid gland and production of thyroxine and T3:

Back 59

TSH

Front 60

Stimulates the production of milk:

Back 60

Prolactin

Front 61

Is a gonadotropic hormone, In women it stimulates growth of ova and secretion of estrogen by follicle cells, in men it initiates sperm production in the testes:

Back 61

FSH

Front 62

Is a gonadotropic hormone, In women it causes ovulation, converts the ruptured ovarian follicle to the corpus luteum, and initiates its secretion of progesterone. In men it stimulates secretion of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testes:

Back 62

LH

Front 63

Increases reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules, decreases sweating, and when secreted in large amounts causes vasoconstriction that raises blood pressure:

Back 63

ADH (vasopressin)

Front 64

Stimulates contractions during childbirth, promotes release of milk by the mammery glands:

Back 64

Oxytocin

Front 65

Most important regulators of day-to-day metabolic rate:

Back 65

T3 and T4

Front 66

Increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate:

Back 66

PTH

Front 67

(a glucocorticoid) Promotes the use of fats and excess amino acids for energy production and increases the storage of glycogen in the liver. Has an anti-inflammatory effect in that it blocks the effects of the histamine released when tissue is damaged:

Back 67

Cortisol

Front 68

(a mineralocorticoid) Increases the reabsorbtion of sodium ions and the excretion of potassium ions by the kidneys.

Back 68

Aldosterone

Front 69

Are secreted in small amounts; they may contribute to the development of the brain during childhood.

Back 69

Androgens

Front 70

It raises heart rate, dilates the bronchioles, causes vasoconstriction in skin and viscera, vasodilation in skeletal muscles, increases the liver's conversion of glycogen to glucose, and inhibits peristasis in the alimentary tube, it also increases the use of fats for energy production:

Back 70

Epinephrine (sympathomimetic)

Front 71

Causes vasoconstriction in the skin, viscera, and skeletal muscles, thereby raising blood pressure in stressful situations:

Back 71

Norepinephrine

Front 72

Raises blood glucose level:

Back 72

Glucagon

Front 73

Lowers blood glucose level:

Back 73

Insulin

Front 74

Is chemically identical to growth hormone-inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus; it acts locally to inhibit the stimulation of glucagon and insulin. Secreted by delta cells of the islets of langerhan:

Back 74

Somatostatin

Front 75

Promotes secondary sex characteristics, during a menstrual cycle it promotes maturation of ovarian follicles and the growth of blood vessels in the endometrium:

Back 75

Estrogen

Front 76

Stimulates growth of the glandular cells of the mammary glands, and during a menstrual cycle it promotes further growth of the endometrium and inhibits contractions of the myometrium:

Back 76

Progesterone

Front 77

Inhibits contractions of the myometrium and facilitates stretching of the ligaments of the pubic symphysis:

Back 77

Relaxin