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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is an endocrine gland?
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A group of specilized cells that release hormones into the blood
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What is a Hormone?
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A chemical produced in one part of the body and released into the blood to trigger or regulate particular functions of the body
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What are two types of chemicals that make hormones?
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Amino acids and steroids
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what does growth hormone do and what are its target cells.
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stimulates growth in bone in muscle cells.
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Which glands produce steroid hormones?
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Adrenal gland and testes
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How are hormones delivered?
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they are released into the bloodstream to find target cells
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What is a target cell?
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A cell with a specific receptor
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Where is the pituitary gland located?
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In the brain directly below the Hypothalmus.
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What does the posterior lobe of the Pituitary gland secrete?
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin.
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where are the hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland made?
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In the neurons of the hypothalmus
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What is the proper name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
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Neurohypophysis
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What effects on what tissues does oxytocin have?
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Stimulates contractile cells in the mamilry glands and has stimulating effects on smooth muscle tissue.
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What does Antidiuretic hormone do?
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ADH decreases the amount of water lost at the kidneys and in higher concentrations elevates blood pressure
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What is the proper name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary?
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Adenohypophysis
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What are the seven hormones released by the antirior pituitary?
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1.Thyroid stimulating hormone ((TSH)
2.Adrenocorticotropic hormone ((ACTH) 3.Follicle stimulating hormone 4.Luteinizing hormone 5.Prolactin 6.Growth hormone 7.Melanocyte stimulating hormone |
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Where are the hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary made?
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Hypothalmus
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What is the Infundibulum?
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Stalk that conects the pituitary gland to the hypothalmus.
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Describe the pituitary gland.
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It has an anterior and posterior lobe and is the size of a Pea.
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What regulates the release of growth hormone? who has the highest levels
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Hypothalmus, adolescents
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What is a hormone that causes the release of another hormone?
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trophic hormone.
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What does thyroid stimulating hormone do? What causes its release?
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TSH causes the thyroid gland to make two hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). T3 and T4 help control your body's metabolism.TSH is produced when the hypothalamus releases a substance called thyrotropin-releasing hormone
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What does Adrenocorticotrophic hormone do? What causes its release?
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Stimulates the Adrenal cortex. hypothalmus releases corticotropin releasing hormones which stimulate the pituitary to release (ACTH)
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What cells/tissue does adrenocorticotropic hormone effect?
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cells in the adrenal cortex called glucocorticoids (help in dealing with stress)
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What are two gonadotropins released by the anterior pituitary?
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Lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.
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what regulates the release of gonadotropins released by th pituitary gland?
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The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
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What does lutenizing hormone do?
What does follicle stimulating hormone do? |
LH causes gonads to release sex hormones. FH causes production of sperm and egg.
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What does prolactin do? What causes its release?
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Causes the production of milk. High estrogen levels cause the hypothalmus to releas prolactin.
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What are the target cells of thyroid stimulating hormone?
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thyroid cells that increase metabolic rate.
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Where is the thyroid gland located? describe its structure.
What is the isthmus? |
It is located in the throat, is butterfly shaped. the isthmus is the connection between the lobes.
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What is the general name for the thyroid hormones? which is the main thyroid hormone? How many iodine atoms does it have?
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Thyroid hormones... Thyroxine. has 4 iodine atoms.
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Which cells in the thyroid gland make the thyroxine? which make calcitonin?
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Follicular cells, parafollicular cells.
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What does thyroxine do?
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increases metabolism.
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What does calcitonin do?
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Lowers calcium level in blood stram.
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What is a goiter? How does the government prevent goiters?
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a goiter is the swelling of the thyroid glands. Iodine in salt.
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Where are the parathyroid glands located? How many do most people have?
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they are attached to the back of the thyroid gland.usually four.
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What does the parathyroid do?
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raise calcium levels
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Where are the adrenal glands located? describe their structure.
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they are located on top of the kidneys and are pyramid shaped.
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what are the three regions of the adrenal cortex?
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1)Zona glomerulosa - secretes aldosterone, regulated by blood sodium levels
2)Zona fasciculta - secretes cortisone, cortisol, corticosterone, increases blood glucose levels in times of stress 3)Zona reticularis - secretes low levels of sex hormones |
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What two hormones are made in the adrenal medulla? what cells make them?
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Epinephrin and norepinephrine. Neurons make them not cells.
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What is the function of the adrenal medulla hormones?
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Fight or Flight, elevates vitals and alertness.
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What are two main functions of the pancrease?
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Insulen secretion and digestion
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What part of the pancrease has endocrine functions?
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Islets of langerhan's.
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Which pancreatic cells secrete insulen? glucagon?
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Beta cells , Alpha cells
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What is the function of glucagon? Insulen?
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Raise blood sugar levels, lower blood sugar levels.
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What are ketone bodies? Ketoacidosis?
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They are byproducts of fat metabloism, acidic blood resulting from keto bodies.
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What is diabetes mellitus?
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does not secrete enough insulen.
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Juvenile diabetes
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What are gonads? what hormone do they produce?
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ovaries and testes, estregoen and progesterone in females, testosterone in males.
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What does estrogen and testosterone do?
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femal characteristics and cycles. progesterone for pregnancy. production of sperm and male characteristics
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where is the peneal galnd?what does it look like?
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in the brain, regulates sleep, produces melatonin, which regulates sleep wake cycle
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why does the peneal gland show up in X-rays?
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contains concentrated levels of calcium salts which show up on x-ray
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Where is the thymus gland? What hormones does it make?
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It is located in the chest behind the sternum. thymosin.
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Which endocrine gland decreases in sizes as people age?
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thymus gland.
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what do thymosins do?
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mature T cells
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what is the main hormone does the placents secrete?
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Human chorionic gonadotropin.
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what does the placental hormone do?
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maintains progesterone production
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what hormone is secreted by adipos tissue? what does it do?
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leptin which decreases appetite.
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