The Endocrine System

Front 1

what system is a series of organs and ductless glands that secrete hormones into your blood stream?

Back 1

endocrine

Front 2

which glands produce secretions that must exit that particular gland thru a duct?

Back 2

exocrine

Front 3

the chemical messengers that are secreted by the endocrine glands are calle what?

Back 3

hormones

Front 4

hormones work by binding to receptors on what?

Back 4

target cells

Front 5

lipid molecules that can pass easily thru the target cell membrane and interact directly with the cell's DNA are what?

Back 5

steriods

Front 6

many of the chemical and physical characteristics of the body have a standard level, or _____, that is the ideal level for that particular value.

Back 6

set point

Front 7

hormone released and effect of the hypothalamus

Back 7

variety of hormones - controls pituitaryh hormone levels

Front 8

hormone released and effect of the pineal

Back 8

melatonin - believed to regulate sleep

Front 9

hormone released and effect of the pituitary

Back 9

a variety of hormones - controls other endocrine organs

Front 10

hormone released and effect of the thyroid

Back 10

thyroxine - controls cellular metabolism

triiodothyrodine

calcitonin - decreases blood calcium

Front 11

hormone released and effect of the parathyroid glands

Back 11

parathyroid hormone - increases blood calcium

Front 12

hormone released and effect of the pancreas

Back 12

insulin - lowers blood sugar

glucagon - raises blood sugar

Front 13

hormone released and effect of the adrenal glands

Back 13

epinephrine - fight-or-flight response

norepinephrine

adrenocorticosteriods - many different effects

Front 14

hormone released and effect of the ovaries

Back 14

estrogen, progesterone - controls sexual reproduction and secondary sexual characteristics, such as pubic hair and axillary hair

Front 15

hormone released and effect of the testes

Back 15

testosterone - controls secondary sexual characteristics, such as beard and other hair, deepening of voice, increase in masculature, production of sperm

Front 16

chemical messsengers released by endcrine glands are what?

Back 16

hormones

Front 17

the control systems working to bring the homeostatic values back to the set point is called?

Back 17

negative feedback

Front 18

the body's ability to increase the magnitude of change is called?

Back 18

positive feedback

Front 19

when hormones are controlled by the nervous system it is called?

Back 19

neural control

Front 20

when hormones are controlled by other hormones it is called?

Back 20

hormonal control

Front 21

when hormones are controlled by bodily fluids it is called

Back 21

humoral control

Front 22

what increases the intensity of uterine contractions?

Back 22

oxytocin

Front 23

what does "ENDO" mean?

Back 23

into

Front 24

what does "CRINE" mean?

Back 24

to secrete

Front 25

gland commonly known as the master gland and found at the base of the brain

Back 25

pituitary

Front 26

gland that controls the pituitary gland and most of the other glands in the endocrine system

Back 26

hypothalamus

Front 27

the pituitary is split into what 2 segments?

Back 27

posterior pituitary

anterior pituitary

Front 28

which segment of the pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus?

Back 28

posterior pituitary

Front 29

hypothalamic neurons secrete whicch 2 hormones?

Back 29

antidiuretic hormone

oxytocin

Front 30

the antidiuretic hormone does what?

Back 30

decreases urination

Front 31

what is the location and function of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Back 31

L - hypothalamus

F - increases release of growth hormone from pituitary gland

Front 32

what is the location and function of growth hormone-inhibitiing hormone (GHIH)

Back 32

L - hypothalamus

F - decreases release of growth hormone from pituitary gland

Front 33

what is the location and function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Back 33

L - hypothalamus

F - increases release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from pituitary gland

Front 34

what is the location and function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH)

Back 34

L - hypothalamus

F - increases release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from pituitary gland

Front 35

what is the location and function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Back 35

L - hypothalamus

F - increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from pituitary gland

Front 36

what is the location and function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin

Back 36

L - posterior pituitary

F - dilutes blood and increases fluid volume by increasing water reabsorption in kidney

Front 37

what is the location and function of oxytocin

Back 37

L - posterior pituitary

F - increases uterine contractions

Front 38

what is the location and function of growth hormone (GH)

Back 38

L - anterior pituitary

F - increases tissue growth

Front 39

what is the location and function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Back 39

L - anterior pituitary

F - increases secretion of thyroid hormones

Front 40

what is the location and function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 40

L - anterior pituitary

F - increases steriod secretion from adrenal gland

Front 41

what is the location and function of prolactin

Back 41

L - anterior pituitary

F - increases milk production

Front 42

what is the location and function of luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 42

L - anterior pituitary

F - stimulates ovaries and testes for ovulation and sperm production

Front 43

what is the location and function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 43

L - anterior pituitary

F - stimulates estrogen secretion and sperm production

Front 44

condition characterized by production of large amounts of very dilute urine and caused underproduction of ADH due to noncancerous pituitary tumors

Back 44

diabetes insipidus

Front 45

which gland is controlled by the hypothalamus but is an endocrine gland in it's own right?

Back 45

anterior pituitary

Front 46

what is a decrease in pituitary function caused by tumors, surgery, radiation, or head injury?

Back 46

hypopituitarism

Front 47

what is the overproduction of pituitary hormones called?

Back 47

hyperpituitarism

Front 48

what syndrome is caused by over-secretion of cortisol?

Back 48

cushing's syndrome

Front 49

upper body obesity, round face, easy bruising, asteoporosis, fatigue, depression hypertension, and hyperglycemia are all symptoms of what syndrome?

Back 49

cushing's syndrome

Front 50

disorder that results in well-below-average height

Back 50

dwarfism

Front 51

disorder that results in well-above-average height

Back 51

giantism or gigantism

Front 52

what kind of disorders are dwarfism and giantism?

Back 52

stature disorders

Front 53

if growth hormone (GH) secretion is insufficient during childhoood what is the result?

Back 53

dwarfism

Front 54

to much growth hormone (GH) secretion during childhood results in what?

Back 54

giantism

Front 55

oversecretion of GH in adults, after the bones have stopped growing, results in the painful, often crippling disorder called what?

Back 55

acromegaly

Front 56

which gland is located in the anterior portion of your neck on either side of the larnyx over the trachea?

Back 56

thyroid gland

Front 57

the thyroid secretes which hormones?

Back 57

throxine (T4)

triiodothyronine (T3)

calcitonin

Front 58

thyroxine is controlled by the secretion of what hormone?

Back 58

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Front 59

too little thyroid hormone production is called?

Back 59

hypothyroidism

Front 60

the condition caused by an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland

Back 60

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Front 61

the overproduction of thyroid hormone is called what?

Back 61

hyperthyroidism

Front 62

an autoimmune disorder that attacks TSH receptors, blocking TSH from getting to the thyroid

Back 62

Grave's disease

Front 63

acute Grave's disease can often result in a potentially fatal form of hyperthyroidism called a what?

Back 63

thyroid storm

Front 64

an enlargement of the thyroid and can be the result of either hypo or hyperthyroidism

Back 64

goiter

Front 65

2 small pairs of glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid are called what?

Back 65

parathyroid glands

Front 66

the parathyroid glands produce what hormone that regulates the levels of calcium in the blood stream?

Back 66

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Front 67

what gland is both a endocrine gland and a lymphatic organ located in the upper thorax behind the sternum and plays an important function in the immune system?

Back 67

thymus gland

Front 68

what hormone is produced by the thymus gland that helps to mature white blood cells during childhood?

Back 68

thymosin

Front 69

which gland is found in the brain that produces melantonin but it's full function is still unknown?

Back 69

pineal gland

Front 70

an acessory organ of the digestive system found in the upper abdomen behind the sromach

Back 70

pancreas

Front 71

the pancreas produces which 2 hormones that control blood sugar?

Back 71

insulin

glucagon

Front 72

insulin and glucagon are produced in specialized cells in the pancreatic tissue called what?

Back 72

Islets of Langerhans

Front 73

condition characterized by abnormally high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) because of the decreased secretion of insulin or the body's insensitivity to insulin

Back 73

diabetes mellitus

Front 74

which type of diabetes is caused by the immune destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas and is generally diagnosed in people under 30

Back 74

type 1 or juvenile onset

Front 75

which type of diabetes is caused by insensitivity of the body's tissue to insulin

Back 75

type 2 or late onset

Front 76

a pair of small glands that sit on top of you kidneys like baseball hats

Back 76

adrenal glands

Front 77

what are the 2 regions the adrenal glands are split into?

Back 77

adrenal cortex - outer layer

adrenal medulla - the middle of the gland

Front 78

the adrenal cortex makes dozens of steroid hormones known as what?

Back 78

adrenocorticosteroids - (steroids in the adrenal cortex)

Front 79

the adrenal cortex produces mineralcorticoid which regulate what?

Back 79

electrolyte, salt, and fluid balance

Front 80

the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids that regulate what?

Back 80

blood sugar

Front 81

disease caused insufficient production adrenocorticosteroids, a glucocorticoid, and a mineralcorticoid

Back 81

Addison's disease

Front 82

a class of steroid molecules that cause large increases of muscle mass

Back 82

anabolic steroids

Front 83

the chief function of what is to produce gametes (reproductive cells), eggs, and sperm?

Back 83

gonads

Front 84

what are molecules that act like hormones called?

Back 84

prostaglandins