The Elements Of Cinematography

Front 1

1. Pre-cinema device that permitted individuals to view a series of images through a circular wheel, creating the illusion of movement.

2. Experimenting with still photographs of motion he laid the groundwork for cinematography. Captured horses running in still photos

Back 1

1. Zoetrope

2. Eadweard Muybridge

Front 2

1. Developed in 1882 this device took rapid consecutive images of birds in flight and other moving objects

2. Official birth of the movies was 1895 when these two brothers joined two key elements: the ability to record a sequence of images on a medium and the ability to project it

Back 2

1. Etienne-Jules Marey's chronophotographic gun

2. Auguste and Louis Lumiere

Front 3

1. measure of films sensitivity to light; slow film requires longer exposure that fast film

2. the distance from the center of the lens to the point where light rays meet in sharp focus

Back 3

1. film speed

2. focal length

Front 4

1. Motion picture photography- "writing in movement"

2. visual heart of the film; a continuous moment that ends with a transition

Back 4

1. Cinematography

2. shot

Front 5

1. position from which a person, event, or object is seen

2. re-creates the perspective of a character through camera placement

3. represents more impersonal perspective of the camera

Back 5

1. point of view

2. subjective point of view

3. objective point of view

Front 6

1. Every shot contains 4 important attributes

2. Unbalanced frame

Back 6

1. framing, depth of field, color, movement. Framing (regular/canted) Depth (short, long, deep, shallow, rack) Color (symbolic, based on culture) Movement (reframing; pan, tilt, tracking)

2. Canted

Front 7

Aspect Ratios
1. 1.33:1

2. 1.37:1

3. 2.35:1

Back 7

1. Image ratio standardized by American Academy of Motion Picture Arts (used in Citizen Kane)

2. Academy Ratio

3. US Widescreen

Front 8

1. Attachments to the camera that cut off portions of the frame so that part of the image is black

2. Covers the frame so that only a small circular piece of the image is seen

3. Opening the circle to reveal more of the image

Back 8

1. Masks

2. Iris shot

3. Iris In

Front 9

1. Space visible within the frame of the image

2. Implied space or world that exists outside the film frame

Back 9

1. Onscreen space

2. Offscreen space (Alien uses this as well as other horror movies)

Front 10

1. determined by the distace of the camera from its subject

2. Shows details of a person or object, such as the face or hands, suggesting the special significance of the object

3. Moves in even closer, singling out certain aspects of an object, like a petal or someones eye

Back 10

1. Scale

2. Close up

3. Extreme close up

Front 11

1. Places considerable distance between the camera and the scene, object, or person

2. creates an even greater distance between the camera and the person

3. middle ground in which we see the human body from waist up

Back 11

1. Long shot

2. Extreme long shot

3. medium shot (There is also md. long and md. close which shows 3/4 length of the body and head/shoulders respectively)

Front 12

1. Point of view directed at a downward angle on individuals or scene

2. view the subject from a lower position that it is

3. depicts action from high above, sometimes looking directly down. May be mounted on machinery

Back 12

1. High angle

2. Low angle

3. Overhead shot/Crane shot

Front 13

1. Multiple planes in the image are all in focus

2. only a narrow range of the field is focused

3. focus shifts rapidly from one object to another

Back 13

1. deep focus

2. shallow focus

3. rack focus

Front 14

1. movement of the frame from one position to another within a single continuous shot

2. moves the frame from side to side without changing the placement of the camera

3. move the frame up or down on a horizontal axis

Back 14

1. Reframing (Citizen Kane when camera shows boy playing in snow, camera pulls back into window to show mom, dad, and thatcher)

2. pan

3. tilt

Front 15

1. Changes the position of the point of view by moving the camera forward or backward or around the subject usually on tracks constructed

2. camera is moved on a wheeled device that follows a determined course

3. a pan, tilt, or tracking shot that follows a moving individual or object

Back 15

1. tracking shot

2. dolly shot

3. following shot

Front 16

1. used in news reporting and documentary cinematography or to create an unsteady frame that suggests movements of an individual

Back 16

1. handheld shots. Used in movies like Blair Witch Project (scaaarrryy!)

Front 17

1. Sometimes confused with track-in or out this is technically not the result of a moving camera at all but rather of adjustments to the camera lens during filming to magnify portions of the image

Back 17

1. Zoom

Front 18

1. Employ variable focal length of 75mm or higher, accomplishes apparent movement and framing

2. The camera remains stationary as the lens changes focal length to narrow the field of view

3. objects that appear close at first are distanced from the camera

Back 18

1. Zoom lenses

2. zoom in

3. zoom out

Front 19

1. Moving images drawn or painted on individual animation cells, which are then photographed onto single frames of film

2. process that records inanimate objhects or actual human figures in separate frames and synthesizes them on film to create the illusion of motion

Back 19

1. Animation

2. stop-motion photography

Front 20

1. process that uses stop motion photography with clay figures to create illusion of movement

2. Animation that uses stop motion photography to transform movement of human figures into rapid jerky gestures

3. Still or animated images created through digital technology.

Back 20

1. claymation

2. pixilation

3. CGI

Front 21

1. Change the tones of the recorded image with different tinted lenses

2. Remakes more than one shot into a single image

3. joins 2 pieces of film, 1 with central action or object and the other with the background/figures

Back 21

1. Color filters

2. Process shot

3. matte shot

Front 22

History of US population that attended the movies

Back 22

1940s- 73% went to movies weekly
1950s- 60%
1980s/1990s- Only 9% (Television responsible for decline)