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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the auricle composed of?
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elastic cartilage
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What two nerves provide sensory innervation to the auricle and external acoustic meatus?
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1. auriculotemporal n.(V3)
2. greater auricular n. (branch of the cervical plexus, C2-3) |
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What is the blood supply to the auricle and external acoustic meatus? What are these vessels branches of?
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1. posterior auricular artery
2. superficial temporal artery Both are branches of the external carotid a. |
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the external acoustic meatus stretches from the _________ to the ___________.
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concha to the tympanic membrane
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In the external acoustic meatus: the lateral 2/3 of the canal is _____________, while the medial 2/3 is __________.
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cartilage
bone (temporal bone) |
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the skin lining the external acoustic meatus is continuous with the ___________.
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tympanic membrane
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What portion of the malleus articulates with tympanic membrane?
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the handle and lateral processes of the malleus articulate with the tympanic membrane
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The lateral wall of the middle ear is formed by the ______________.
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tympanic membrane
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what is the sensory innervation to the external surface of the tympanic membrane?
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1. auriculotemporal n. (V3)
2. auricular branch of CN X |
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what is the sensory innervation to the INTERNAL surface of the tympanic membrane?
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glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
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List the bony contents of the tympanic cavity.
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malleus, incus, stapes
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Name the muscles (2) found in the tympanic cavity. What is the innervation to each?
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1. stapedius - branch of facial n. (VII)
2. tensor tympani - mandibular n. (V3) |
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The chorda tympani is a branch of which nerve? What information does it carry?
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facial n. (VII)
carries taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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the tympanic plexus of nerves arises from the ___________ nerve and from sympathetic fibers of__________.
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1. glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
2. the internal carotid plexus |
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What provides sensory innervation to the mucosa of the tympanic cavity, the pharyngotympanic tube and the mastoid air cells?
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tympanic plexus
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The tegmentum tympani separates __________ from ________. This is known as the __________ recess.
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separates the tympanic cavity from the middle cranial fossa.
epitympanic recess |
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The floor of the tympanic cavity separates ___________ from ___________.
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separates the tympanic cavity from jugular bulb
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the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity consists of _________.
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the tympanic membrane
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The medial wall of the tympanic cavity consists of _________.
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the oval window, stapes base, cochlear promontory, round window.
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The anterior wall of the tympanic cavity opens into _____1_____ and ______2_____.
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1. pharyngotympanic tube
2. canal for tensor tympani |
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The posterior wall of the tymp. cavity provides passage between the ________ and _________. This passage contains _________.
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tympanic cavity and the mastoid antrum.
Contains a canal for the facial n. |
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Where exactly is the tympanic plexus located?
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The tympanic plexus sits on the PROMONTORY. (not on the tympanic membrane as many think)
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The chorda tympani runs anterior -> posterior, and it weaves between what two important structures?
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the tensor tympani and malleus
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What are the contents of the bony labyrinth ? (3)
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1. Cochlea
2. Vestibule 3. Semicircular canals |
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the bony cells in the inner ear contain ___________.
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perilymph
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The semicircular canals, utricle and saccule are components of the _______________.
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vestibular system
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Where are otolith organs called maculae found? Which system are they involved with?
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found in the utricle and saccule of the vestibular system.
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The ________ maculae are found on the lateral wall, whereas the _________ maculae are found on the floor.
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Utricle maculae on lateral wall
Saccule maculae on floor |
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Receptor cells for the vestibular system are mostly __________, with one long _____________.
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microvilli
kinocilium |
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cells that are surrounded by one large, cup shaped afferent nerve ending are ________ (Type I or II) cells.
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Type I
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cells that are surrounded by multiple afferent nerve endings are called _________ (Type I or II) cells.
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Type II
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Efferent endings on both type I and II cells are ________ (+) or (-).
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(-)
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1. The surface covered with calcium carbonate crystals known as ____________.
2. What lies directly beneath the otolith layer? |
1. Otoliths
2. a gelatinous, glycoprotein layer |
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The otoliths pull the gelatinous covering in response to _______________.
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changes in position related to gravity.
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Hair cells deflected TOWARDS the kinocilium causes ___________ (+) or (-), whereas hair cells deflected AWAY from the kinocilium cause ___________. (+) or (-)
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Towards - excitation
Away - inhibition |
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_________ are sensitive to gravity; they help to percieve movement and orientation in space. They are also used to maintain equilibrium and balance.
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Maculae
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Semicircular ducts lie within the semicircular canals; they have enlarged regions called ampulae that contain ________________.
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cristae ampullaris receptors
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The semicircular ducts are very similar to the maculae. What is the difference?
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Walls are thicker
gelatinous convering much thicker and is called the cupula. There are no otoliths |
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What will cause the cupula to bend?
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acceleration or deceleration of the head.
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Once the cupula bends what happens?
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Bending of the cupula causes bending of the hair cells; this causes either depolarization (bending towards the kinocilium) or hyperpolarization (bending away from the kinocilium)
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What is the proposed function of the endolymphatic sac and duct?
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thought to absorb endolymph and remove debris via endocytosis
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The cochlear duct, organ of Corti and scala vestibuli are components of _________.
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the auditory system
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The scala vestibuli and tympani are filled with ________.
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perilymph
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The stapes transmits sound waves to the inner ear via ___________.
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the oval window
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Once transmitted by the oval window, sound waves cause shearing and oscillation of ____________.
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The organ of Corti
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What structure relieves wave pressure in the inner ear?
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the round window
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What is the stria vascularis and what is it's function?
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vascularized epithelium in the lateral wall of the Cochlear Duct. It controls the ion content of endolymph.
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The Organ of Corti is separated from the Scala Vestibuli by the ________ membrane; also separated from the Scala Typmani by the ___________ membrane.
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Vestibular membrane
Basilar membrane |
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Is there a kinocilium in the organ of Corti?
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NO. There is one "tallest hair" that has a basal body
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_________ cells are found between inner and outer hair cells: they form an "inner tunnel" between the outer and inner hair cells. Why is this tunnel important?
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Pillar Cells
The inner tunnel is used in sound transduction |
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Which ganglion innvervates the inner and outer hair cells of the Organ of Corti?
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The Spiral Ganglion
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In terms of auditory function: what occurs during Compression? How about rarefaction?
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Compression - during lateral shearing of stereocilia, the tips deflect away from the basal body.
Rarefaction - membranes and stereocilia move in the opposite direction |
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Movement of the sterocilia causes ____________ in the hair cells.
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depolarization and neurotransmitter release
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Depolarization and action potential release of the hair cells causes _____________.
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an action potential to fire in the axons of the spiral ganglion neurons
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_______ frequency sound in detected at the base of the cochlear duct, whereas ________ frequency sound in detected at the apex of the cochlear duct.
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High - at base
Low - at apex |