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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did the prophet Muhammad die ?
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632 CE.
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How would you define Fitnah ?
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A Fitnah is a heretical uprising, especially the first major internal struggle within the Muslim community (AD 656–661), which resulted in both civil war and religious schism—between the Sunnites and Shi'ites.
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Can you name the three first groups in which Islam was divided ?
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- Sunnis
- Shi'is - Kharijites |
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Who were the first four caliphs ?
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Abu Bakr, 'Umar I, 'Uthman and Ali
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What dissension caused the first division within Islam ?
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The division of Islam has its origins in the struggles over the proper line of succession to the prophet Muhammed.
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Who was supposed to be the successors of Muhammed according to Shi'ite believes ?
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They thought is was best to preserve the Prophet's special relationship to God by recognizing his family as the inheritors of his authoriy. Therefor, they were partisans of 'Ali.
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Who was 'Ali ?
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Ali ibn Abi Talib was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammed He reigned from 656 to 661. He was killed by a Kharijite in 661.
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What was the sunni's point of view on succession ?
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They preferred a system built arround an institution (the caliphate) and an elected leader who would oversee the enforcements of the Shari'ah via a preditermined system of rules and practices.
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Who are the Kharijites ?
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The Karijites are the earliest Islamic sect, which traces its beginning to a religio-political controversy over the Caliphate. They were opposed equally to 'Ali's claims and to those of Mu'awiyah.
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Who was Husayn ? Who murdered him ?
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Husayn was Hasan's brother and Ali's son. He was killed by Yazid during the battle of Karbala in Iraq
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How would you define Fitnah ?
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A Fitnah is a heretical uprising. It is the name given to the first major internal struggle within the Muslim community (AD 656–661), which resulted in both civil war and religious schism—between the Sunnites and Shi'ites.
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What dissension caused the first division within Islam ?
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The division of Islam has its origins in the struggles over the proper line of succession to the prophet Muhammed.
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Who was supposed to be the successors of Muhammed according to Shi'ite believes ?
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They thought is was best to preserve the Prophet's special relationship to God by recognizing his family as the inheritors of his authoriy. Therefor, they were partisans of 'Ali.
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Who was 'Ali ?
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Ali ibn Abi Talib was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammed He reigned from 656 to 661. He was killed by a Kharijite in 661.
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What was the sunni stance on succession ?
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They preferred a system built arround an institution (the caliphate) and an elected leader who would oversee the enforcements of the Shari'ah via a preditermined system of rules and practices.
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Who were the Kharijites ?
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The Karijites are the earliest Islamic sect, which traces its beginning to a religio-political controversy over the Caliphate. They were opposed equally to 'Ali's claims and to those of Mu'awiyah.
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Who was Husayn ? Who murdered him ?
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Husayn was Hasan's brother and Ali's son. He was killed by Yazid during the battle of Karbala in Iraq
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What do Shi'ites commemorate during 'Achoura ?
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The battle of Karbala and the death of Husayn in 680.
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In which significant respects does Shi'ism diverge from Sunnism ?
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First, Shi'ites see history as an extended era of suffering and persecution that be reversed only with the return of the Hidden Imam. Second, the leadership structures of Shi'ism revolves around learned teachers (imams), especially the ayatollahs.
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In percentage, how many Shi'ites and Sunnis are there today ?
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Shi'ites : 10 to 12%
Sunnis : 88 to 90 % |
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How is the main branch of Shi'ism named ? Why ?
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Approximately 85% of Shi'ites are Twelvers. They are named like this because they believe that the hidden imam is the 12th imam, el-Mahdi, in succession from 'Ali who disappeared from a mosque in Samarra' around the year 875 CE.
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Can you name other branches of schi'ism besides the main body of twelvers ?
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Besides the Twelvers, the most important Shi'ite sect is the Isma'ili sect.
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On what matter do the Isma'ilis desagree with the Twelvers ?
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Instead of recognizing Musa as the seventh Imam, The Isma'ilis upheld the claims of his elder brother Isma'il. One group of Isma'ilis believed that Isma'il was that last imam (seveners). The majority of Isma'ilis however believed that the imamate continued in the line of Isma'il's descendants.
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To what dynasty are the Isma'ilis linked to ?
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The Fatimid dynasty
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Who is the religious and political leader of the Isma'ilis ?
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Aga Khan
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From which branch of Islam is Druze faith derived from ?
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The Druze faith began as a movement in Isma'ilism that was influenced by Greek philosophy and gnosticism.
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What is the main originality of the Druze creed ?
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The more remarkable element is that their religious system is kept secret not only from the outside world but in part even from their own.
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According to the Druze who is to return to inaugurate the golden age ?
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It is believed by the Druze that al-Hakim, the sixth caliph (996–1021) of the Fatimid dynasty, did not die but vanished and will one day return in triumph to inaugurate a golden age.
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In which country has the 'Alawi sect became politically dominant ?
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Syria
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What do 'Alawis believe in ?
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The basic doctrine of 'Alawite faith is the deification of 'Ali. He is one member of a trinity corresponding roughly to the Christian Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. 'Alawites interpret the Pillars of Islam (the five duties required of every Muslim) as symbols and thus do not practice the Islamic duties.
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