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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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salivary amylase
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begins starch digestion in the mouth and is inactivated by HCl in the stomach
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lingual lipase
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begins digestion process of fats, secreted in the mouth but not activated until it hits HCl
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mucus
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present in saliva; necessary to lubricate and bind food bolus
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lysozyme
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an enyme in saliva that kills bacteria
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Immunoglobulin A
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antibody in saliva that inhibits growth of bacteria
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Bolus
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mass of mucus/saliva-coated food that travels down the esophagus
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peristalsis
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waves of muscular contraction that move food item forward
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chyme
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soupy/pasty mixture of semi-digested food in stomach
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pyloric sphincter
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muscular sphincter that regulates passage of chyme into duodenum
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mucous cells
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cells in stomach that secrete mucus
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regenerative stem cells
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cells in gastric glands that provide a continual supply of new cells for lining to replace the dead cells
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parietal cells
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secrete HCl, intrinsic factor, and ghrelin
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chief cells
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most abundant. secrete gastric lipase, pepsinogen
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enteroendocrine cells
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secrete hormone/paracrines that regulate digestion
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gastric juice
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a mixture of pepsin, water, and HCl
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Zymogens
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enzymes that are secreted as inactive proteins
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pepsinogen
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zymogen secreted by chief cells that is converted to pepsin by HCl as well as pepsin itself
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pepsin
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digsts dietary proteins into shorter peptide chains
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gastric lipase
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secreted by cheif cells, have a small role in fat digestion
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intrinsic factor
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secreted by parietal cells, play a vital role in absorbtion of vitamin B12 in small intestine
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vomiting
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a forceful ejection of chyme from the mouth...caused when upper esophageal sphincter and lower relax due to expansion of thorax and compression of abdomen...and dilation of esophagus
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GIP
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secreted by enteroendocrine cells of duodenum, this enzyme causes secretion of insulin as preperation of nutrients that are about to be absorbed in the small intestine
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Bile Canaliculi
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narrow channels into which liver secretes bile
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bile
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mixture of phospholipids, cholesterol, minerals, bile acids, and neutral fats
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pancreatic juice
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an alkaline mixture of sodium bicarbonate, water, enzymes, electrolytes, and zymogens
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trypsinogen
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pancreatic zymogen secreted by acini cells in intestinal lumen...activated by enterokinase and trypsin
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pancreatic amylase
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enzyme that digests starch
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