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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is digestion? |
The chemical and mechanical break down of food into smaller components what are macromolecule |
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What are macromolecules? |
Large molecules that provide nutrition |
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Give three examples of macromolecules |
Proteins Carbohydrates Fats |
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Where is your gag reflex |
Uvula |
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How many salivary glands do we have in the mouth? |
Three |
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How does saliva play a part in digestion? |
-Saliva chemically and mechanically break down food -saliva helps food get slippery so you can chew and swallow easier -saliva contains mucus and enzymes (amylase) |
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What is the worst kind of ulcer? |
Peptic ulcer |
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3 things that causes an ulcer? |
-eating high acidity foods -h pylori bacteria -weakened mucosal lining -smoking |
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What is a sphincter? |
Valve lined with muscle that can open and close |
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What are the two sphincters in the digestive tract? |
-Lower esophageal sphincter -pyloric sphincter |
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What does LES do? |
The LES connects the esophagus to the stomach |
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How is heartburn caused? |
When the LES is not properly closed and stomach acid enters the esophagus |
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What does the pyloric sphincter do? |
-Connects stomach to small intestines -enables chyme to enter the duodenum |
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What is chyme? |
Semi-digested food from stomach |
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3 gastric juices in the stomach |
-hydrochloric acid -pepsinogen -mucus -lipases |
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What is the food going down your throat called? |
Food bolus |
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What is the pharynx? |
Connects mouth to the epiglottis and esophagus |
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What is the epiglottis? |
Epiglottis opens and closes to make sure food doesn’t go through the wrong tube. |
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What is peristalsis? |
-contraction of muscles To move bolus along the digestive tract |
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How does the stomach chemically break down food? |
Gastric juiced in the stomach |
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Hhow |
Mixing and churning with muscle contractions |
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What is rugae? |
The thick layers(folds) of smooth muscle lining the inner wall of the stomach allowing it to stretch |
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Why does stomach acid not burn through the organ? |
The stomach is lined with mucus to prevent acid from corroding it |
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3 gastric juices in the stomachwhat |
-hydrochloric acid -pepsinogen -mucus -lipases |
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What are the stomach muscles? |
Oblique Longitudinal Circular |
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What does the jejunum do? |
Absorption (of water, nutrients and minerals) takes place in the jejunum |
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What are villi? |
-Villi lines your intestines to absorb (nutrients) more (by increasing surface area of small intestine) -takes nutrients into bloodstream |
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What is the function of the small intestine? |
Small intestine does most of the absorption |
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What are the 3 main parts of the small intestine? |
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum |
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What is the function of the duodenum? |
-most chemical digestion occurs in duodenum -receives secretions from the gall bladder and pancreas through ducts . Bile dumped into duodenum to emulsify fats |
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What does the pancreas do? |
Produces insulin and glucagon To regulate your sugar levels |
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What does the gall bladder do? |
Stores bile produced by the liver |
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What does bile do? |
Emulsifies fats Acts like dish detergent |
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What are gallstones? |
Crystallization of bile |
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3 things that causes gallstones? |
-diet -body weight -gall bladder motility |
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What does the liver do? |
-Filters our blood stream (detoxifies various poisons like alcohol) -produces bile |
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What does the ileum do? |
-Absorbs(has villi) -leads to large intestine |
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What are the 6 parts of the large intestine? |
1. Cecum 2. Ascending colon 3.transverse colon 4. Descending colon 5.sigmoid colon 6. Rectum |
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Where is the appendix? |
Appendix is right under the cecum |
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What does the ileum do? |
-Absorbs(has villi) -leads to large intestine |
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Where is the appendix? |
Appendix is right under the cecum |
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What does he colon do? |
-absorbs water -passageway for waste |
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What us |
Colon cancer Constipation |
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What helps clean out the colon? |
Fibre (brings water to clean out the colon) |
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What is Diverticula? |
Small pouches in the lining of the colon (causes diverticulosis) |
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What can go wrong in the colon? |
Colon cancer Constipation |
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What is Diverticula? |
Small pouches in the lining of the colon (causes diverticulosis) |
