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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 basic tissue types of the walls of digestive organs?
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1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa or adventitia |
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What the digestive organs for?
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For digestion and absorption.
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What are the 2 components of digestion?
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Physical - chew.
Chemical - enzyme. |
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What is the digestive system also known as?
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Gastrointestinal tract or alimentary tract.
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What is the function of the mucosa layer?
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Secretion and absorption.
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What are the components of the mucosa layer?
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1. Epithelium
2. Lamina Propria 3. Muscle Mucosa |
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What is the function of the epithelium in the mucosa layer?
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Secretion and absorptiion.
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What is the function of lamina propria in the mucosa layer?
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- Support and bind to muscle
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What structures are in the lamina propria in the mucosa layer?
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- Small circulatory vessels
- Lymph nodules (WBC for protection) - Possibly glands (for lubrication and digestion) |
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What structure does the muscularis mucosa have?
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It has folds for increased surface area
Examples: Rugae and Plicae |
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What is the function of the submucosa?
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- Strength
- Circulation (big) - Deeper glands |
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What are the two major components of submucosa?
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1. Loose connective tissue
2. Vasuclar -Possibly glands -Possibly meissner's corpusle (etc) - responds to volume of contents |
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What is the function of the muscularis layer?
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For locomotion via peristalsis
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What is peristalsis?
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Smooth involuntary muscle wave from proximal point to a distal point.
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What are the 2 layers of muscularis and their actions?
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Inner circular layer (constricts diameter) - prevents backflow and control food passage from one organ to the next
Outer longitudinal layer (shortens length) - These chop and churn to mix chyme with chemicals. |
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What is the function of the fourth outer layer?
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For lubrication (usually for visceral peritoneum)
Serum - watery lubricant |
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What is serosa attached to?
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Connective tissue and could possibly have vessels and nerves
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What is the function of the submucosa?
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- Strength
- Circulation (big) - Deeper glands |
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What are the two major components of submucosa?
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1. Loose connective tissue
2. Vasuclar -Possibly glands -Possibly meissner's corpusle (etc) - responds to volume of contents |
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What is the function of the muscularis layer?
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For locomotion via peristalsis
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What is peristalsis?
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Smooth involuntary muscle wave from proximal point to a distal point.
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What are the 2 layers of muscularis and their actions?
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Inner circular layer (constricts diameter) - prevents backflow and control food passage from one organ to the next
Outer longitudinal layer (shortens length) - These chop and churn to mix chyme with chemicals. |
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What is the function of the fourth outer layer?
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For lubrication (usually for visceral peritoneum)
Serum - watery lubricant |
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What is serosa attached to?
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Connective tissue and could possibly have vessels and nerves
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What is the mouth also known as?
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Oral cavity or buccal cavity
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What is the vestibule of the mouth?
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The space between the teeth and lips.
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What is the purpose of the lips (aka labia)?
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To position food.
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What two structures that makes up the lips?
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Vermillion and Labial Frenulum.
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What is an incomplete lip called?
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Cleft Lip
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Define palate.
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It is the roof of the mouth.
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Define Cleft palate
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It is an incomplete roof
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What is the palate made up of ?
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- Hard palate
- Soft palate + uvula |
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What is vermillion?
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It is keritanized stratified squamous epithelium and its colored.
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What does the muscle does the vermillion cover?
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Orbicularis oris muscle
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What function is the labial frenulum?
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To hold lips to gums.
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What 2 bones does the hard palate consists of?
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Maxillae and palatine bones.
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What is the function of the uvula?
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It blocks nasal cavity from mouth when swallowing.
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What is deglutition and where does it occur?
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Deglutition is when the nasal cavity is blocked from the mouth when swallowing.
It occurs in the mouth |
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Define uvula
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The soft palate rises reflexively to close off the nasopharynx when we swallow.
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What is teeth used for?
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Mastication
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Where is teeth located?
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On the alveolar ridge of the maxillae and mandible.
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What is the joint of the teeth?
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Gomphosis which is like a peg-in-socket.
It is synarthrosis - immovable joint. |
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How many sets of teeth do you get?
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You get 2 dentitions.
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How many teeth do you get in the first dentition?
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20
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What are you milk, baby, or temporary teeth called?
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Deciduous dentition
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When do deciduous teeth appear?
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6 months - 2 years old
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What teeth is in a quadrant of the deciduous dentition?
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- 2 incisors - sharp flat cutting edge (flat)
- 1 cuspid - tear, grasp (sharp point) - 2 bicuspid - grind, crush (flat top) |
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How many teeth are in the second dentition?
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32
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What teeth is in a quadrant of the permanent dentition?
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- 2 incisors
- 1 cuspid - 2 bicuspids - 3 tricuspids (6yr, 12yr, 18 yr wisdoom) |
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What time frame does the permanent dentition occur?
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6yr to 24yr
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What holds teeth in place?
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Peridontal ligament to jaw
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What are the regions of the tooth?
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- Crown
- Neck - Root |
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What are the structure of the tooth?
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- Enamel
- Cementum - Dentine - Root Canal - Pulp Cavity - Peridontal membrane and ligament |
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What are three major functions of the tongue?
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1. Speech
2. Position food for mastication 3. Deglutition |
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What connects the tongue to the base of the mouth?
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Lingual frenulum
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What makes up the papillae of the tongue?
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Specialized stratified squamous epithelium
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What are three different papillae of the tongue?
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1. Filiform (elongated and pointed) - sides and posterior
2. Fungiform (mushroom-like) - sides and top back 3. Circumvallate (cirucular depression) - top back |
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Which papillae do the gustatory pores appear?
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Fungiform and Circumvallate
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What are gustatory pores?
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Tastes buds
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What do the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
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Extrinsic - alter the tongue to position food for mastication. Deglutition to swallow bolus (food ball) with epiglottis, uvula, larynx, and esophagus
Intrinsic - for speech |
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What is the last voluntary process in digestion before elimination?
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Deglutition
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Name the events that are involved in digestion?
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1. mouth (ingests)
2. begins mechanical digestion by chewing 3. initiates propulsion by swallowing (deglutition) 4. peristalsis 5. absorption |
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What is the process that moves food after the upper 1/3 of the esophagus?
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Peristalsis
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