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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prehension |
Act of getting food into the mouth, grasping with the mouth |
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Gustation |
Tongue |
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Teeth and the stomach help aid in what kind of break down? |
Mechanical break down |
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The chemical break down of food is known as? |
Digestion |
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What part of the digestive system absorbes nutrients and water? |
Large instestine |
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What part(s) of the digestive system AIDS in elimination of waste? |
Colon, rectum, anus |
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Herbivories |
Plant eaters |
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Carnivores |
Meat eaters |
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Omnivores |
Plant and meat eaters |
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Who are forestomach fermenters? |
Ruminants |
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Who are monogastric hindgut fermenters? |
Lagomorphs and equids |
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Who are monogastric? |
Cats, dogs, pigs, ect... |
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What is the big tube between the lips and anus? |
GI tract |
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Food waste inside the GI tract is not actually in the body unless? |
Unless it is absorbed |
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To be absorbed food must be: |
1. Prehended (taken in lips, tongue, teeth) 2. Mechanically reduced in size(teeth,stomach) 3. Chemically broken down (digestion) 4. Absorbed through gut mucosa 5. Once "in" body nutrients can be metabolized |
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Deglutition |
Swallowing |
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Mastication |
Chewing, reduction of particle size |
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What surfaces of food get digested? |
Only surfaces of food exposed to digestive juices gets digested |
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What is the pharynx a common passageway of? |
Food and airways |
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Esophagus opening is dorsal to? |
Glottis |
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The esophagus lies on which side of the neck? |
Left side of neck |
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The esophagus passes through thorax in? |
Mediastinum |
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After the mediastinum the esophagus passes through the? |
Diaphragm |
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After the diaphragm the esophagus connects to the |
Stomach |
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Lumen |
Hollow space inside GI tract |
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Submucosa |
Connective tissue with blood supply to the epithelium |
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How many muscular layers in the walls of the digestive system? |
2 |
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Inner muscle layer |
Smooth muscle fibers encircle bowel |
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Outer muscle layer |
Smooth muscle fibers run lengthwise |
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Serosa |
Outer, protective, smooth epithelial layer |
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Glandular stomach function |
Stores food, mixes food, grinds food |
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Where does protien digestion start? |
Glandular stomach |
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Chyme |
Stomach contents mixed with gastric secretions |
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Fundus |
Dome shaped part of stomach |
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Cardia |
Portion that joints esophagus to stomach |
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Body of stomach |
Middle dispensable portion, food storage |
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Pyloric antrum |
Distal portion of stomach that grinds food |
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Pyloric sphincter |
Regulates stomach emptying |
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Rugae |
Folds in stomach lining |
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HCl production starts when |
Stomach ph is low |
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What products HCl? |
Parietal cells |
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Pepsinogen production aids? |
Stomach digestion |
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What produces pepsinogen? |
Chief cells |
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What stimulates parietal cells to produce HCl? |
Gastrin |
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What do goblet cells produce? |
Mucus |
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What is the purpose of mucus in the stomach? |
Protects stomach wall from digestive enzymes |
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What does the Submucosa layer of the gastric wall contain? |
Blood, lymph, and nerve supply |
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What is the purpose of the muscular layer of the gastric wall? |
Mixing, grinding, moving chyme down the tine |
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What is the outer protective layer that's continuous with the greater and lesser omentum? |
Serosal layer |
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Greater omentum attaches at? |
Greater curvature |
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Lesser omentum attaches at? |
Lesser curvature |
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Omentum is continuous with? |
The peritoneal membrane |
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Regurgitation |
Bringing up esophageal contents |
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Vomiting |
Bringing up stomach contents |
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What is the main site of nutrient digestion? |
Small intestines |
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What is the main site of nutrient absorption? |
Small intestines |
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What are the 3 parts of the small intestine? |
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum |
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Duodenum function |
Receives food from stomach, receives bile and pancreatic ducts |
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Pancreas location |
tucked between greater curvature of stomach and deudenum |
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Description of jejunum |
Long, convoluted |
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Description of ileum |
Short, joints large intestine, cecum |
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What supports the intestines? |
Mesentary |
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Plication |
Folds in lining increase surface area, allow for stretch |
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Site of cell division in digestive tract |
Crypts of lieberkuhun |
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What do lymph capillary do? |
Takes up large molecules |
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What part of the digestive system is responsible for water and water soluble vitamin absorption? |
Large intestine |
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What stores and excretes solid waste? |
Large intestine |
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what is a Haustra |
Outpouchings in the large intestine |
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What does haustra do? |
Slows food passage |
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What allows time for fermentation to take place? |
Haustra |
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Who has a haustra? |
Horses, swine, and rabbits |
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Colitis |
Inflammation of the colon |
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Typhlitis |
Inflammation of the cecum |
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Rectal prolapse |
Inner lining of the rectum comes out |
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What can cause rectal prolapse? |
Docking tail too short |
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What moistens and lubricates a bolus? |
Salivary glands |
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Exocrine gland |
Digestive enzymes |
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Endocrine gland |
Insulin and glucagon |
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Function of the liver |
Filters and detoxifies blood from GI tract, synthesis of substances from nutrients absorbed from GI tract |
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3 main salivary glands |
1. Parotid 2. Mandibular 3. Sublingual |
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Hormone production |
Endocrine gland |
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Digestive enzymes |
Exocrine gland |
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Alpha cells produce |
Glucagon |
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Beta cells produce |
Insulin |
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Ruminants have what buffer?
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sodium bicarbonate
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what helps pigs break starch into sugar?
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amylase
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that is the function of the endocrine gland?
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hormone production
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the pancreatic duct empties into the?
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bile duct or duodenum
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