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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three regions of the small intestines?
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It is the duodenum, ileum, jejunum
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What gives the jejunum its relatively red color?
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A rich blood supply
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What are Peyer patches?
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It is the prominent lymphatic nodules within the ileum.
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what is the end of the ileum and the beginning of the cecum called?
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Ileocecal junction
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What is the ileocecal valve responsible for doing?
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it regulates the passage of food residue into the large intestine.
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What three folds within the intestines that increase the surface area
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plicae, villi, microvilli
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What kind of epithelial cells are villus covered with?
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Absorptive cells (enterocytes) and goblet cells which are joined by tight junctions
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What are lacteals?
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They are lymphatic capillaries within the core of the villi
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What do the lacteals absorb
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Most lipids
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What are brush border enzymes
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enzymes within the microvilli
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what is contact digestion
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The final stages of digestion carried out by brush border enzymes. Instead of being secreted into the lumen, the chyme must contact the brush border for digestion to occur
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What are intestinal crypts?
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They are numerous pores that open into tubular glands consisting of enterocytes and goblet cells in the upper half
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What are paneth cells and what do they secrete?
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They are clusters at the base of each crypt and they secrete lysosyme, phospoholipase and defensins (defensive proteins)
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What do duodenal glands secrete?
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Bicarbonate rich mucus, which shields the mucosa from its erosive effects
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What do the intestinal crypts secrete?
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1 to 2 L of intestinal juice in response to acid, hypertonic chyme, and distension of the intestine.
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Where are most enzymes that function in the small intestines found?
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They are found at the brush border and pancreatic juice
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What are the three fuctions of contractions of the small intestine
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1.) to mix chyme with pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice allowing these to nutrilize acid and digest nutrients more effectively
2.) to Churn chyme and bring it into contact with the mucosa for contact digestion. 3.)to move residue toward the large intestine. |
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What is segmentation?
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It is the movement in which stationary ringlike constrictions appear in several places along the intestine and relax as new constrictions occur elsewhere
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What is the most common type of intestinal contraction?
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Segmentation
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Which cells set the rhythm for segmentational contractions
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Pacemaker cells of the muscularis externa
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