The Digestive System 25.4

Front 1

This organ stores and concentrates bile

Back 1

Gallbladder

Front 2

What kind of epithelium does the gall bladder have

Back 2

Simple columnar epithelium

Front 3

This specific part of the gallbladder leads to the cystic duct

Back 3

Neck (cervix) of gallbladder

Front 4

What is bile?

Back 4

A yellowish-green pigment that contains cholesterol, minerals, neutral fats, phospholipids, bile pigments, and bile acids

Front 5

What is the principal pigment of bile

Back 5

Bilirubin

Front 6

Responsible for the brown color of feces

Back 6

Urobilinogen

Front 7

What are bile acids?

Back 7

they are steroids synthesized from cholesterol

Front 8

Bile acids and this phospholipid aid in fat digestion and absorption

Back 8

Lecithin

Front 9

What percentage of bile is reaborbed through the ileum?

Back 9

80%

Front 10

What is enterohepatic circulation?

Back 10

The secretion, reaborption, and resecretion of bile

Front 11

What happens to the 20% of bile that is not reused?

Back 11

It is excreted in the feces

Front 12

this part of the pancreas secret glucagona and insulin

Back 12

It is the pancreatic islets

Front 13

_______ _______ controls the relase of both bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum

Back 13

hepatopancreatic sphincter

Front 14

What is the accessory pancreatic duct?

Back 14

It is an independent duct like the hepatopancreatic duct except that it allows pancreatic juice to enter the duodenum even when bile is not

Front 15

What are the three pancreatic xymogens?

Back 15

1.) Trypsinogen
2.) Procarboxypeptidase
3.) Chymotrypsinogen

Front 16

How is trypsinogen converted into trypsin

Back 16

When trypsinogen is secreted into the duodenum an enzyme secreted by the intestine, enterokinase, converts it to trypsin

Front 17

How is procarboxypeptidase and chymotrypsinogen converted into carboxypeptidase and chymotrypsin?

Back 17

They are converted by the auto-catalytic effect of trypsin. That is, as enterokinase converts Trypsinogen into trypsin, trypsin in turn converts those two xymogens

Front 18

This pancreatic enzyme digest starch

Back 18

Pancreatic amylase

Front 19

This pancreatic enzyme digests fats

Back 19

pancreatic lipase

Front 20

This enzyme digest RNA

Back 20

Ribonuclease

Front 21

This enzyme digests DNA

Back 21

Deoxyribonuclease

Front 22

These cells secret enzymes and xymogens within the pancreas

Back 22

Acini

Front 23

This buffers the HCl arrving in the duodenum from the stomach

Back 23

Bicarbonate

Front 24

What are the three stimuli chiefly responsible for the relase of pancreatic juice and bile?

Back 24

Acetylcholine, Cholcystokinin, and Secretin

Front 25

What does acetylcholine do?

Back 25

It stimulates pancreatic acini to secrete their enzymes even before food has entered. It stays stored in the acini and ducts until chyme enters the duodenum

Front 26

What does cholecystokinin do?

Back 26

It is secreted by the mucousa of the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Primarily responds to fats in the small intestine. Contractions of the gallbladder and the relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter to release bile

Front 27

What does secretin do?

Back 27

It is released by the same sections of the intestines as Cholecystokinin and it responds to the acidity of the chyme incoming from the stomach. Stimulates the ducts of both pancrease and liver to secret an abundant bicarbonate solution.