The Digestive Processes

Front 1

the GIT is aka the ___ ___

Back 1

alimentary canal

Hint 1

a__ c__

Front 2

ruminants have a ___-___ ___ and ruminants are often called "___ ___"

Back 2

multi-compartmented stomach; "cud chewers"

Hint 2

m___-c___ s___; "c___ c___"

Front 3

ruminants have a better use of energy fr ___ ___ materials. they have no ___ ___ teeth and no ___ in their saliva

Back 3

fibrous plant; upper front; enzymes

Hint 3

f__ p___; u___ f___; e___

Front 4

the reticulum has a ___ appearance and interacts w the ___ to mix contents. it serves to ___ ___ __ to prevent them from proceeding thru the rest of the tract

Back 4

honeycomb; rumen; trap dangerous objects

Hint 4

h___; r___; t___ d___ o___

Front 5

the rumen fns as a ___ ___, and is where the food is ___, ___ and ___. there is also some ___ of nutrients and some ___ of feed thru ___ action

Back 5

storage vat; soaked, mixed and fermented; absorption; breakdown; microbial

Hint 5

s___ v___; s___, m___ and f___; a___; b___; m___

Front 6

in the rumen, microbes help the host to digest ___. they also help to ___ amino acids from ___-___ ___ (eg. plants)

Back 6

cellulose; synthesise; non-protein nitrogen

Hint 6

c___; s___; n___-p___ n___

Front 7

in the rumen, microbes also synthesise ___-___ ___. eructation also occurs here. eructation is the ___ of ___ such as ___ and ___ from ___

Back 7

B-complex vitamins; elimination of gases; methane and CO2; fermentation

Hint 7

__-c___ v___; e___ of g___; m___ and c___ d___; f___

Front 8

the omasum consists of many ___. it serves to ___ feed before the feed is washed out to the ___

Back 8

folds; grind; abomasum

Hint 8

f___; g___; a___

Front 9

the ___ is the "true stomach", and has a ___ env that kills ___

Back 9

abomasum; acidic; microorganisms

Hint 9

a___; a___; m___

Front 10

what are the 2 ways that carnivores get their nutrients? (how do they get their food?)

Back 10

1 predation. 2 scavenging

Front 11

name 2 other classifications of digestive systems

Back 11

1 avian digestive sys. 2 hindgut fermenter (for AN, pseudoruminant) digestive sys

Front 12

how does the avian digestive sys differ fr other types of digestive systems? (2 ways)

Back 12

1 do not have teeth. 2 no chewing

Front 13

state the fns of the mouth, oesophagus and crop in the avian digestive sys (hint)

Back 13

mouth: gather and break feed.

oesophagus: empties directly into crop.

crop: food is stored and soaked

Hint 13

mouth: ___ and ___ feed.

oesophagus: ___ directly into the ___.

crop: food is ___ and ___

Front 14

state the fn of the proventriculus of the avian digestive sys (hint)

Back 14

secrete gastric enzymes and hydrochloric acid

Hint 14

secrete ___ ___ and ___ ___

Front 15

the gizzard is a v ___ organ that contains ___ or ___ that fn like ___ to ___ the feed

Back 15

mscr; grit or stones; teeth; grind

Hint 15

m___; g___ or s___; t___; g___

Front 16

name the "stomach" of the bird

Back 16

proventriculus

Front 17

name the avian version of the anus and urinary orifice (excretes both faeces and urine at the same time)

Back 17

cloaca

Front 18

pseudoruminants (actually hindgut fermenters) eat lrg amts of ___ but do not have a stomach with several ___. inst, they have a greatly enlarged ___ and ___ ___, where ___ digest ___

Back 18

roughage; compartments; caecum; large intestine; microbes; fiber

Hint 18

r___; c___; c___; l___ i___; m___; f___

Front 19

pseudoruminants (actually hindgut fermenters) eat ___ as well as ___ and other ___ feeds

Back 19

forages; grains; concentrated

Hint 19

f___; g___; c___

Front 20

the ___ is the initial component of the GIT. it is resp for ___ ___ of food. it is used for ___ and ___ (chewing). herbivores chew ___-___ times a day

Back 20

mouth; mechanical breakdown; grasping and mastication; 40,000-50,000

Hint 20

m___; m___ b___; g___ and m___; numbers

Front 21

the tongue's mscr action pushes the ___ into the ___. the saliva usually contains ___ such as ___ (except for ___), that serves to break down ___ or ___

Back 21

bolus; pharynx; enzymes; amylase; ruminants; starch or carbohydrates

Hint 21

b___; p___; e___; a___; r___; s___ or c___

Front 22

the ___ serves to trf the bolus of food down into the ___ via mscr contractions, and this wave of contraction is known as ___. it also aids in digestion of ___ tissues

Back 22

oesophagus; stomach; peristalsis; fibrous

Hint 22

o___; s____; p___; f___

Front 23

the pH of the stomach is around pH__-__. the stomach aids in ___ breakdown of food by secreting ___ and enzymes such as ___, which breaks down proteins

Back 23

2.0-2.5; chemical; HCl; pepsin

Hint 23

number; c___; chemical; p___

Front 24

the pH of the sml int is around pH__-__. the sml int aids in ___ digestion by ___. the acidic sml int are neutralised by ___ ___ fr the liver

Back 24

6.8-7.0; fat; bile; bile salts

Hint 24

number; f___; b___; b___ s___

Front 25

the sml int also aid in the absorption of ___ ___, ___ ___ and ___

Back 25

amino acids; fatty acids and monosaccharides

Hint 25

a___ a___; f___ a___ and m___

Front 26

the sml int contain digestive enzymes called ___ fr the ___ that digest ___ into ___ ___

Back 26

proteases; pancreas; proteins; amino acids

Hint 26

p___; p___; p___; a___ a___

Front 27

give 2 examples of proteases and where they are found

Back 27

pepsin in the stomach; trypsin in the sml int

Front 28

bile is released fr the ___ ___. it aids in digestion and absorption of ___ by ___ them. it is ___ in nature so as to neutralise the stomach contents

Back 28

gall bladder; fats; emulsifying; alkaline

Hint 28

g___ b___; f___; e___; a___

Front 29

the duodenum is the first part of the sml int. ___ and ___ ___ enter here

Back 29

bile and pancreatic secretions

Hint 29

b___ and p___ s___

Front 30

the jejunum is the second part of the sml int. ___ of nutrients occurs here

Back 30

absorption

Hint 30

a___

Front 31

the ileum is the third part of the sml int. it serves to...

Back 31

split food molecules and absorb the nutrients

Hint 31

s___ f___ m___ and a___ the n___

Front 32

the colon consists of the ___, the ___ and the ___

Back 32

caecum; colon; rectum

Hint 32

c___; c___; r___

Front 33

the caecum serves a sim purpose to the ___ in ruminants. it fns as a ___ ___, the food is soaked, mixed and ___, there is some breakdown of feed and absorption of nutrients thru ___ ___

Back 33

rumen; storage vat; fermented; microbial action

Hint 33

r___; s___ v___; f___; m___ a___

Front 34

the colon is made up of the ___ colon, ___ colon and ___ (or descending) colon

Back 34

ascending; transverse; sigmoid

Hint 34

a___; t___; s___

Front 35

the colon is involved in active transport of ___ and absorption of ___ by ___

Back 35

sodium; water; osmosis

Hint 35

s___; w___; o___

Front 36

the colon is an env for ___ to grow and reproduce. they produce impt vitamins such as vit __, ___ and ___

Back 36

bacteria; K; thiamine; riboflavin

Hint 36

b___; letter; t___; r___

Front 37

the rectum is involved in absorption of ___, ___ formation and ___ ___

Back 37

water; faeces; microbial fermentation

Hint 37

w___; f___; m___ f___