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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the branch of federal, state or local government that decides if laws have been broken and punishes law breakers
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judicial branch
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highest court in the U.S.
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supreme court
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federal courts in each of the 50 states
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district courts
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Which courts have original jurisdiction in most cases involving federal laws?
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district courts
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federal or state courts to which a convicted person may take his or her case for review
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court of appeal
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the right of a convicted person to ask a higher court to review cases that have already been tried in a lower court
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appeal
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one of the 13 judicial districts covered by a court of appeals
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circuit
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the power of the supreme court to decide whether an action of the president, congress or a law passed by a state or local state or local government is constitutional
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judicial review
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law that is based on the constitution and has higher authority that all other laws
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constitutional laws
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laws passed by congress and by lawmaking bodies of state and federal govt.
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statutory laws
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What are laws that go against the constitution deemed as by the Judiciary?
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unconstitutional
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the authority of the judge to administer the laws
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jurisdiction
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the limit and range of authority of a judge
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jurisdiction
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What type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have?
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total jurisdiction
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the authority of some courts to hold the first trial in certain cases
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original jurisdiction
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the authority given to some courts to review cases that already have been tried in a lower court
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appellate jurisdiction
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members of the trial jury who judge the evidence and determine the verdict
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jurors
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the duty of citizens to serve on a jury when called
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jury duty
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official court order requiring a person to appear in court
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subpoenas
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betrayal of one's country; the only crime referred to in the Constitution
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treason
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levying war agains the United States or giving aid and comfort to their enemies
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treason
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a written plan of govt. describing how a govt. is organized, listing its purpose, some of the basic laws, and the rights of the people
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the Constitution
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list the four types of laws
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statutory, common, administrative, consitutional
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list the six rights to a fair trial
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right to have a lawyer, right to be released on bail, indictment by grand jury, right to a jury trial, innocent until proven guilty, right of appeal
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how many district courts are there?
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94
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Where shall all federal cases be tried?
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in the state that the crime was committed.
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What are three of the matters decided by a District Court Judge?
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matters of court procedure, explains the law, decides the punishment
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How many U.S. courts of Appeals are there?
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12
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How many judges hear a case on appeal?
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between 6 - 28 judges
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What do the U.S. courts of appeal decide?
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if the person who appealed the case was granted full legal rights
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Where does the Supreme court meet?
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Washington DC
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How many Supreme Court justices are there?
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9
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Who appoints federal judges?
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president
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Who approves the appointments of federal judges?
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The Senate
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What is a term of officer for a federal judge?
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life
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What are the two ways a judge may be removed from office?
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impeachment or disorderly behavior
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Are the # of judges defined in the Constitution?
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no
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What 3 things do the federal judges have the authority to explain?
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the law, the constitution, treaties
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May judges' salaries be decreased while in office?
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No, they may be increased though.
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What 7 things do federal cases involve?
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1) ambassadors, ministers and consuls
2) admiralty and maritime 3) controversies involving the US 4) controversies between States 5) controversies between citizens of two dif. states. 6) controversies between citizens involving the lands of dif. states. 7) controversies between citizens and foreign countries |
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legal surrender of a fugitive to the jurisdiction of another state, country, or government for trial
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extradition
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What 2 things are needed for conviction of treason?
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1) testimony of 2 witnesses
OR 2) confession in open court |
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Who decides the Punishment of treason?
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congress
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The sole power to create or abolish all courts except the Supreme Court belongs to what branch of government?
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legislative
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the only crime defined in the Constitution
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treason
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By what may an act of the President be ruled unconstitutional?
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judicial Review
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What is the supreme law of the land?
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the Constitution
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If a crime is not committed within a state, who decides where the trial will be held?
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Congress
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The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in cases involving what three government positions?
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ambassadors, ministers and consuls
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The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in controversies between what two things?
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state
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Before the Supreme Court can give an opinion as to the Constitutionality of a law, what must occur?
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a controversy
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What must all crimes, besides impeachment, be tried before?
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a jury
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What is it called when each branch of government has powers only they can use?
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separation of powers
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Article III of the Constitution deals with which branch of government?
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Judicial Branch
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What is it called when each branch of government has control over the other branches of government?
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checks and balances?
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an official court document demanding an accused criminal to be brought to court to determine if there's enough evidence to hold a trial
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writ of habeas corpus
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What kind of jurisdiction do 99% of the cases heard by the Supreme Court have?
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appellate jurisdiction
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