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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
heart |
a muscular organ located behind the sternum |
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mediastinum |
The space between the lungs where the heart lies |
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myocardium |
the heart muscle is referred to as the _______. |
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pericardium also known as pericardial sac |
a thick fibrous membrane that surrounds the heart |
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serous pericardium |
the inner membrane of the pericardium |
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visceral layer epicardium |
part of the pericardium that lies closely against the heart |
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parietal layer |
is separated from the visceral layer by a small amount of parricidal fluid that reduces friction within the pericardial sac |
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interatrial septum |
separates the two atria |
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inter ventricular septum |
thicker wall separates the right and left ventricle |
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Ventricle |
pumps blood out of the heart (left pumps blood to lungs right pumps blood to rest of body) |
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coronary sinus |
blood enters the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cavae and the _________. |
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fossa ovalis |
between the right and left atrium is the _________ this represents the former location of the foramen ovale, an opening between the two atria that is present in the fetus. |
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tricuspid valves |
separates the right atrium from the ventricle and has composed of 3 cusps |
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mitral or bicuspid valve |
separates the left atria and left ventricle, consists of two cusps |
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myocardial infarction |
complete blockage of an artery that supplies oxygen to the heart results in death to a portion of the myocardium or a _____________ |
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pulmonic valve |
regulates blood flow from the right ventricle to the aorta |
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aortic valve |
regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta |
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superior vena cava inferior vena cava |
two large veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium. |
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aorta |
the bodys largest artery |
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pericarditis |
infection or inflammation of the pericardial membranes causing severe chest pain |
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pericardial effusion |
if the pericardial sac filled with too much fluid |
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cardiac tamponade |
when enough fluid enters the pericardial sac to restrict filling of the heart a condition known as __________ exists and life threatening shock rapidly develops. |
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rheumatic fever |
an acute condition that affects children and young adults. the valve cusps become rigid, failing to open and close properly |
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ischemia |
occurs when arterial blood flow to a localized tissue site is decreased |
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endocarditis |
an infection of a heart valve |
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sinoatrial node |
ls located in the right atrium and is the normal site of origin of the electrical impulse. the hearts natural pace maker |
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atrioventricular node |
located inn the right atrium adjacent to the septum. type of node |
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bundle of his |
a continuation of the AV node. electrical activity quickly moves from this to the right and left bundle branches. |
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excitability |
the ability of the cells to respond to electrical impulses |
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conductivity |
the ability of the cells to conduct electrical impulses |
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automaticity |
cardiac cells possess an ability to generate an impulse to contract even when there is no external nerve stimulus |
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leukocyte |
another name for a white blood cell |
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white blood cells or leukocyte |
primary function is to fight infection. they leave the blood stream to engulf and kill invaders |
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beta effect |
effect that increases heart rate |
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cardiac output |
is defined by the amount of blood pumped out in one minute |
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after load |
the pressure in the aorta in which the left ventricle must pump against |
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stoke volume |
the percentage of blood that leaves the heart each time is contracts |
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sinus arrhythmia |
regular rhythm that originates in the sa node but is irregular and could be caused by respiration. |
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two |
how many coronary arteries there are |
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erythropoiesis |
the process of making rbc's (red blood count) |
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distolic |
the pressure of the blood filling the left ventricle |
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semi lunar |
valves that are located between the ventricles and the arteries into which they empty |
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atrial fibrillation |
heart rhythm that is irregularly irregular and has no p waves |
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sinus tachycardia |
regular rhythm that originates in the sa node but is over 100 bpm |
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endocardium |
the inner most layer of the heart |
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LAD |
left anterior defending artery |
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anemia |
term used when rbc count is lower than normal |
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epicardium |
the outermost layer of the heart |
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automaticity |
the ability to self depolarize |
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basophil granulocyte
|
granulocyte that stores histamine for allergic reaction |
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RCA |
right coronary artery |
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macro phages |
larger eaters, the garbage collectors of the immune system, phagocyte |
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mayocardium |
the middle layer of the heart |
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intima |
tunica _______ the inner most part of the blood vessel |
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repolorization |
the return of the muscle cell to its resting state |
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platelet |
another name for a thrombocyte |
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media |
tunica ________ the middle part of the blood vessel |
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atrial flutter |
heart rhythm that is irregularly irregular that has saw tooth flutter waves |
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adventitia |
tunia ________ the outer portion of the blood vessel |
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beta |
effect that increases heart conductivity |
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circumbflex |
portion of the left coronary artery that feed the posterior heart |
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hemostasis |
term used to describe the 3 mechanisms to stop blood loss |
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inotropic state |
effect that affects the hearts strength of contaction |
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heprin |
substance released by basophils that inhibit blood clotting |
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water |
plasma is made up of 90-92% of this |
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dromotropic |
the hearts rate of conduction |
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chronotropic |
the hearts rate of contraction |
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Raynaud's phenomenon
|
occurs when spasms in the digital arteries develop, particularly following emotional stress or exposed to cold. Finger tips become white and cool. |
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Subclavian veins
|
internal jugular veins join the _______ (the proximal part of the main vein of the arm.)
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basilica vein cephalic vein |
two major veins of the arm. Both veins combine to form the axillary vein |
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plasma |
a watery, straw colored fluid that accounts for more than half of the total blood volume. |
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erythrocyte |
red blood cells are also known as ___________. |
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Macrophages |
protect the body against infection. also are used to help in the decomposition of old red blood cells |
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antigens |
erythrocytes (aka rbc's) contain _______ on their surface. These are proteins recognized by the immune system. |
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antibodies |
within the plasma are ______ which are
proteins that react with antigens |
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erythroblastosis fetalis |
condition when a mother is exposed to a small amount of fetal blood. if the mother is Rh + and the fetus blood is Rh- the mother will develop antibodies which can be passed to the fetus and destroy its rbc.
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Leukocytes
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white blood cells are also called _________. |
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Diapedesis |
most leukocytes are motile and leave the blood vessels by a process known as _______ to move toward the tissue where they are needed most. |
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basophil |
_______ are the least common granulocyte and contain a large amount of histamine, a substance that increases tissue inflammation and heparin |
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Heprin
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a substance that inhibits blood clotting. |
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chronotropic state |
the hearts rate of contraction |
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dromotropic |
the hearts rate of conduction |
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inotropic |
the hearts strength of contraction |
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