The Circulatory System (C6)

Front 1

complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Back 1

circulatory system

Front 2

the two cardio circuits in the body

Back 2

systemic circulation

pulmonary circulation

Front 3

carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle through the body and back to the right atrium

Back 3

systemic circulation

Front 4

cellular waste is eliminated where

Back 4

liver and kidney

Front 5

carried oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle and is refreshed with oxygen

Back 5

pulmonary circulation

Front 6

hollow muscular organ approximately the size of a fist

Back 6

heart

Front 7

the heart is made out of what?

Back 7

myocardium

Front 8

is the more muscular side of the heart

Back 8

left side

Front 9

divides the heart down the middle into right and left side

Back 9

septum

Front 10

the division of eaxg side of the heart

Back 10

atrium

ventricle

Front 11

upper chamber of the blood

Back 11

atrium

Front 12

lower chamber of the heart

Back 12

ventricle

Front 13

what sort of pressure is on the left side of the heart, pumps blood

Back 13

high pressure pump

Front 14

pressure pump of right side supplies the blood to the lungs

Back 14

low pressure pump

Front 15

the heart muscle’s blood supply comes from where?

Back 15

aorta

Front 16

the two branches of the aorta

Back 16

left and right coronary arteries

Front 17

where does the right side of the heart receive blood from

Back 17

Veins of the body

Front 18

closes to precent backflow as the right ventricular muscle contracts

Back 18

triscuspid valve

Front 19

where does the left side of the body receive oxygenated blood from?

Back 19

pulmonary veins

Front 20

how is the flow of blood governed through the four heart chambers?

Back 20

One-way valves

Front 21

prevents the backflow of blood and keeps it moving through the circulatory system

Back 21

valves

Front 22

thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves

Back 22

chordae tendineae

Front 23

the amount of blood moved in one beat is called what

Back 23

stroke volume

Front 24

the amount of blood moved in 1 minute

Back 24

cardiac output

Front 25

express cardiac output mathematically

Back 25

CO = HR x SV

cardiac output

heart rate

stroke volume

Front 26

a network of specialized tissue with the capacity to conduct electrical current

Back 26

electrical conduction system

Front 27

during which the electrical charges on the surface of the muscle changed from positive to negative

Back 27

depolarization

Front 28

during which the heart returns to its resting state and the positive charge is restored to the surface

Back 28

repolarization

Front 29

the heart will not beat properly if this was injured

Back 29

conduction system

Front 30

carries blood from the heart to all body tissues

Back 30

arteries

Front 31

contract to accommodate loss of blood volume and increase blood pressure

Back 31

arteries

Front 32

formed from smooth muscles that can contract and dilate to change the diameter of the blood vessel

Back 32

tunica media

Front 33

main artery

Back 33

aorta

Front 34

found just in front of the spine in the chest and abdominal cavities

Back 34

aorta

Front 35

supplies the heart with blood

Back 35

coronary arteries

Front 36

list the arteries and what they supply

Back 36

carotid arteries (head)

hepatic arteries (liver)

renal arteries (kidneys)

mesenteric arteries (digestive system)

Front 37

begins at the right side of the heart and carries oxygen depleted blood

Back 37

pulmonary artery

Front 38

smallest branches of the artery leading to the vast network of capillaries

Back 38

arterioles

Front 39

location of the pulse felt at the upper portion of the neck

Back 39

carotid artery

Front 40

parts of the central pulse

Back 40

carotid artery

femoral artery

Front 41

parts of the peripheral pulse

Back 41

radial artery

brachial artery

posterior tibial artery

dorsalis pedis artery

Front 42

pulse location at the upper portion of the neck

Back 42

carotid artery

Front 43

pulse at the groin

Back 43

femoral artery

Front 44

pulse at the wrist at the base of the thumb

Back 44

radial artery

Front 45

pulse on the medial aspect of the arm, midway between the elbow and shoulder

Back 45

brachial artery

Front 46

pulse located posterior to the medial malleolus

Back 46

posterior tibial artery

Front 47

pulse located at the top of the foot

Back 47

dorsalis pedis artery

Front 48

fragile divisions of the arterial system that allow contact between blood and the cells of the tissues

Back 48

capillary vessels

Front 49

color of blood in the veins

Back 49

dark blue red

Front 50

blood in the arteries color

Back 50

bright red

Front 51

connect directly at one end with the flow regulating arterioles and the other with the venules

Back 51

capillaries

Front 52

allows blood to move through them a single cell at a time

Back 52

capillaries

Front 53

smallest branch of the veins

Back 53

venules

Front 54

known as the great vessels

Back 54

venae cavae

aorta

pulmonary arteries

Front 55

carries blood from the head, neck, shoulders, and upper extremities

Back 55

superior vena cava

Front 56

carries blood from the abdomen, pelvis, lower extremities

Back 56

inferior vena cava

Front 57

where does the superior and inferior venae cavea join in the heart?

Back 57

right atrium of the heart

Front 58

the state of how constricted or dilated blood is referred to as the

Back 58

systemic vascular resistance

Front 59

SVR meaning

Back 59

systemic vascular resistance

Front 60

the resistance of blood flow within all the blood vessels except the pulmonary vessels

Back 60

SVR

Front 61

signs that an adult is not breathing normally

Back 61

muscle retractions between and below the ribs

Front 62

signs that an adult is not breathing normally

Back 62

muscle retractions between and below the ribs

Front 63

electrical charge that goes from positive to negative

Back 63

depolarization

Front 64

electrical charge that goes from positive to negative

Back 64

depolarization

Front 65

electrical charge that goes from negative to positive

Back 65

repolarization

Front 66

otherwise known as red blood cells

Back 66

erythrocytes

Front 67

otherwise known as red blood cells

Back 67

erythrocytes

Front 68

contains hemoglobin

Back 68

red blood cells

Front 69

otherwise known as red blood cells

Back 69

erythrocytes

Front 70

contains hemoglobin

Back 70

red blood cells

Front 71

a protein responsible for carrying oxygen

Back 71

hemoglobin

Front 72

otherwise known as red blood cells

Back 72

erythrocytes

Front 73

contains hemoglobin

Back 73

red blood cells

Front 74

a protein responsible for carrying oxygen

Back 74

hemoglobin

Front 75

otherwise known as white blood cells

Back 75

leukocytes

Front 76

tiny, disc shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells, essential in the initial formation of a blood clot

Back 76

platelets

Front 77

tiny, disc shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells, essential in the initial formation of a blood clot

Back 77

platelets

Front 78

liquid portion of the blood that carries the blood cells, hormones, and nutrients

Back 78

plasma

Front 79

tiny, disc shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells, essential in the initial formation of a blood clot

Back 79

platelets

Front 80

liquid portion of the blood that carries the blood cells, hormones, and nutrients

Back 80

plasma

Front 81

component breakdown of plasma

Back 81

water 92%

proteins 7%

oxygen

carbon dioxide

nitrogen

nutrients

cellular wastes

hormones (other)

Front 82

tiny, disc shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells, essential in the initial formation of a blood clot

Back 82

platelets

Front 83

liquid portion of the blood that carries the blood cells, hormones, and nutrients

Back 83

plasma

Front 84

component breakdown of plasma

Back 84

water 92%

proteins 7%

oxygen

carbon dioxide

nitrogen

nutrients

cellular wastes

hormones (other)

Front 85

constitutes 92% of plasma

Back 85

water

Front 86

tiny, disc shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells, essential in the initial formation of a blood clot

Back 86

platelets

Front 87

liquid portion of the blood that carries the blood cells, hormones, and nutrients

Back 87

plasma

Front 88

component breakdown of plasma

Back 88

water 92%

proteins 7%

oxygen

carbon dioxide

nitrogen

nutrients

cellular wastes

hormones (other)

Front 89

constitutes 92% of plasma

Back 89

water

Front 90

the majority of this protein in plasma that controls the movement of water in and out of circulation

Back 90

albumin

Front 91

transported as bicarbonate in plasma

Back 91

CO2

Front 92

78% of the air we breathe, dissolved within plasma

Back 92

nitrogen

Front 93

78% of the air we breathe, dissolved within plasma

Back 93

nitrogen

Front 94

how long is a red blood cell’s life span?

Back 94

120 days

Front 95

one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs after blunt trauma

Back 95

spleen

Front 96

one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs after blunt trauma

Back 96

spleen

Front 97

where is blood filtered through so hemoglobin could be recycled?

Back 97

spleen and liver

Front 98

one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs after blunt trauma

Back 98

spleen

Front 99

where is blood filtered through so hemoglobin could be recycled?

Back 99

spleen and liver

Front 100

the force of circulating blood against the wall of arteries

Back 100

blood pressure

Front 101

one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs after blunt trauma

Back 101

spleen

Front 102

where is blood filtered through so hemoglobin could be recycled?

Back 102

spleen and liver

Front 103

the force of circulating blood against the wall of arteries

Back 103

blood pressure

Front 104

this is when the left ventricle of the heart contracts and pumps blood into the aorta

Back 104

systole

Front 105

one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs after blunt trauma

Back 105

spleen

Front 106

where is blood filtered through so hemoglobin could be recycled?

Back 106

spleen and liver

Front 107

the force of circulating blood against the wall of arteries

Back 107

blood pressure

Front 108

this is when the left ventricle of the heart contracts and pumps blood into the aorta

Back 108

systole

Front 109

the pressure inside the arteries during a systole

Back 109

systolic blood pressure

Front 110

one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs after blunt trauma

Back 110

spleen

Front 111

where is blood filtered through so hemoglobin could be recycled?

Back 111

spleen and liver

Front 112

the force of circulating blood against the wall of arteries

Back 112

blood pressure

Front 113

this is when the left ventricle of the heart contracts and pumps blood into the aorta

Back 113

systole

Front 114

the pressure inside the arteries during a systole

Back 114

systolic blood pressure

Front 115

the time between contractions when the ventricle is relaxed and refilling with blood is called what

Back 115

diastole

Front 116

the resting pressure in the arteries during diastole is called what?

Back 116

diastolic blood pressure

Front 117

the resting pressure in the arteries during diastole is called what?

Back 117

diastolic blood pressure

Front 118

the values of systolic and diastolic pressure is measured using what?

Back 118

sphygmomanometer

Front 119

how much blood does an adult usually have?

Back 119

6L

Front 120

how much blood does an adult usually have?

Back 120

6L

Front 121

How much blood does a child usually have?

Back 121

2-3 L

Front 122

how much blood does an adult usually have?

Back 122

6L

Front 123

How much blood does a child usually have?

Back 123

2-3 L

Front 124

how much blood does an infant usually have?

Back 124

300mL

Front 125

circulation of blood in an organ or tissue

Back 125

perfusion

Front 126

another word for inadequate blood perfusion

Back 126

hypoperfusion

Front 127

another word for inadequate blood perfusion

Back 127

hypoperfusion

Front 128

what may happen during hypoperfusion

Back 128

shock

Front 129

another word for inadequate blood perfusion

Back 129

hypoperfusion

Front 130

what may happen during hypoperfusion

Back 130

shock

Front 131

difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

Back 131

pulse pressure

Front 132

another word for inadequate blood perfusion

Back 132

hypoperfusion

Front 133

what may happen during hypoperfusion

Back 133

shock

Front 134

difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

Back 134

pulse pressure

Front 135

pressure within the arteries when the heart is contracting: left ventricular force

Back 135

systolic blood pressure

Front 136

another word for inadequate blood perfusion

Back 136

hypoperfusion

Front 137

what may happen during hypoperfusion

Back 137

shock

Front 138

difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

Back 138

pulse pressure

Front 139

pressure within the arteries when the heart is contracting: left ventricular force

Back 139

systolic blood pressure

Front 140

pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest

Back 140

diastolic blood pressure

Front 141

another word for inadequate blood perfusion

Back 141

hypoperfusion

Front 142

what may happen during hypoperfusion

Back 142

shock

Front 143

difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

Back 143

pulse pressure

Front 144

pressure within the arteries when the heart is contracting: left ventricular force

Back 144

systolic blood pressure

Front 145

pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest

Back 145

diastolic blood pressure

Front 146

amount of blood returning to the heart

Back 146

preload

Front 147

another word for inadequate blood perfusion

Back 147

hypoperfusion

Front 148

what may happen during hypoperfusion

Back 148

shock

Front 149

difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

Back 149

pulse pressure

Front 150

pressure within the arteries when the heart is contracting: left ventricular force

Back 150

systolic blood pressure

Front 151

pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest

Back 151

diastolic blood pressure

Front 152

amount of blood returning to the heart

Back 152

preload

Front 153

pressure to be overcome when left ventricle contracts (pressure within the aorta)

Back 153

afterload

Front 154

what increases when blood pressure falls?

Back 154

pulse

Front 155

MAP meaning

Back 155

mean arterial pressure

Front 156

what % of blood is found within the heart, arteries, and capillaries?

Back 156

30%

Front 157

in capillaries, this is the space between cells

Back 157

interstitial space

Front 158

in capillaries, this is the space between cells

Back 158

interstitial space

Front 159

in capillaries, this is within the cell

Back 159

intracellular space

Front 160

how does nutrients move?

Back 160

from capillaries into interstitial space to intracellular space

Front 161

how does nutrients move?

Back 161

from capillaries into interstitial space to intracellular space

Front 162

how does wastes move

Back 162

from cells through the interstitial space to the capillaries

Front 163

what are the two main forces inside the capillary

Back 163

hydrostatic pressure

oncotic pressure

Front 164

occurs as fluid pushes against the vessel walls to force fluid out of the capillary

Back 164

hydrostatic pressure

Front 165

occurs as fluid pushes against the vessel walls to force fluid out of the capillary

Back 165

hydrostatic pressure

Front 166

an opposing force, occurs because proteins in the blood plasma causes water to be pulled into the capillary by diffusion

Back 166

oncotic pressure

Front 167

other word for clotting

Back 167

coagulation

Front 168

functions of blood components

Back 168

wbc fights infection

rbc transports || oxygen

plasma transport || carbon dioxide

chemicals within plasma || controls pH

plasma (water) || transports wastes and nutrients

platelets and clotting factors in plasma || coagulation

Front 169

otherwise known as adrenaline

Back 169

epinephrine

Front 170

also known as noradrenaline

Back 170

norepinephrine

Front 171

the release of both epinephrine and norepinephrine at the same time triggers what?

Back 171

fight or flight response

Front 172

means related to adrenal gland

Back 172

adrenergic

Front 173

found within blood vessels, blood vessels constrict and increases blood pressure

Back 173

alpha-adrenergic receptors

Front 174

receptors found within the heart and lungs

Back 174

beta-adrenergic receptors

Front 175

receptors found within the heart and lungs

Back 175

beta-adrenergic receptors

Front 176

when stimulated, these receptors increase heart rate

Back 176

Beta-1 receptors

Front 177

receptors found within the heart and lungs

Back 177

beta-adrenergic receptors

Front 178

when stimulated, these receptors increase heart rate

Back 178

Beta-1 receptors

Front 179

when stimulated, the bronchi in the lungs dilate

Back 179

Beta-2 receptors

Front 180

when stimulated, this decreases tour heart rate and force of contraction

Back 180

Muscarinic

Front 181

special pressure sensors that spread throughout the body which allow the brain to receive information about blood pressure

Back 181

baroreceptors

Front 182

the main function of the cardiovascular system is to what?

Back 182

perfuse blood throughout the body

Front 183

the main function of the cardiovascular system is to what?

Back 183

perfuse blood throughout the body

Front 184

the location where baroreceptors are found

Back 184

arch of the aorta

carotid arteries

Front 185

detect the levels of your blood pressure

Back 185

baroreceptor

Front 186

smallest branches of the veins

Back 186

venules

Front 187

two major veins vessels

Back 187

superior venae cavae

inferior vanae cavae

Front 188

two veins that lie to the right of the spine and collect blood just before it enters the heart

Back 188

superior venae cavae

inferior venae cavae

Front 189

type of flow in the veins is governed by valves within the veins

Back 189

one-way flow

Front 190

vein that carries blood returning from the head, neck, shoulders, and upper extremities

Back 190

superior vena cava

Front 191

veins that carries blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities

Back 191

inferior vena cava

Front 192

where does the superior and inferior venae cavae join together?

Back 192

right atrium of the heart

Front 193

The state of the blood vessels—how dilated or constricted they are—is referred to as

Back 193

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Front 194

SVR meaning

Back 194

systemic vascular resistance

Front 195

SVR is the resistance to blood flow within all blood vessels except the

Back 195

pulmonary vessels

Front 196

What is the blood's state when the veins are:

Decreased size of container

Increased pressure within container

Back 196

Constricted blood vessel

Front 197

What is the blood's state when the veins are:

Balance of size and pressure

Back 197

Normal diameter

Front 198

What is the blood's state when the veins are:

Increased size of container

Decreased pressure within container

Back 198

Dilated blood vessel

Front 199

composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and protein molecules

Back 199

blood

Front 200

protein responsible for carrying oxygen

Back 200

hemoglobin

Front 201

play an important role in the body’s immune defense against infection

Back 201

white blood cells

Front 202

Most carbon dioxide is carried in the form of what?

Back 202

bicarbonate

Front 203

these are tiny, disc-shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells

Back 203

Platelets

Front 204

the liquid portion of the blood that carries the blood cells, hormones, and nutrients.

Back 204

plasma

Front 205

is a solid organ located under the rib cage in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

Back 205

spleen

Front 206

can produce significant internal bleeding after blunt trauma

Back 206

spleen

Front 207

is the force of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries

Back 207

Blood pressure

Front 208

what happens when the left ventricle of the heart contracts

Back 208

pumps blood into the aorta

Front 209

what's it called when the left ventricle of the heart contracts and pumps blood into the aorta

Back 209

systole

Front 210

The pressure inside the arteries during this time is referred to as

Back 210

systolic blood pressure

Front 211

The time between contractions when the ventricle is relaxed and refilling with blood is called

Back 211

diastole

Front 212

The resting pressure in the arteries when the ventricle is relaxed and refilling with blood is called

Back 212

diastolic blood pressure

Front 213

the values of the systolic and diastolic pressures are measured with a

Back 213

sphygmomanometer

Front 214

Indicates heart pumping effectiveness

Indicates blood available to the heart

Back 214

Systolic blood pressure

Front 215

Indicates adequate cardiac relaxation and pressure in the arteries between heartbeats

Indicates amount of blood within blood vessels

Back 215

Diastolic blood pressure

Front 216

Relationship between systolic and diastolic pressures; provides information about the body’s response to stress

Back 216

Pulse pressure

Front 217

Difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

Back 217

Pulse pressure

Front 218

Amount of blood returning to the heart

Back 218

Preload

Front 219

what happens when there's too little preload

Back 219

blood pressure falls

Front 220

what happens when there's too high preload

Back 220

the heart cannot move blood effectively

Front 221

Pressure to be overcome when left ventricle contracts

Back 221

Afterload

Front 222

Amount of blood moved with one contraction of the heart (left ventricle)

Back 222

Stroke volume

Front 223

Amount of blood moved in 1 minute

Back 223

Cardiac output

Front 224

Resistance to blood flow within all of the blood vessels

Back 224

Systemic vascular resistance

Front 225

The average adult has approximately how much liters of blood?

Back 225

6 L

Front 226

how much blood does children have?

Back 226

2 to 3 L

Front 227

how much blood does an infant have?

Back 227

300 mL

Front 228

is the circulation of blood in an organ or tissue

Back 228

perfusion

Front 229

what happens when normal blood pressure is lost?

Back 229

Organs, tissues, and cells are no longer adequately perfused or supplied with oxygen and fuel, and wastes accumulate

Front 230

what happens after hypoperfusion

Back 230

shock

Front 231

is a state of systemic hypoperfusion

Back 231

shock

Front 232

One measure of perfusion that can detect shock and that is often displayed on automated blood pressure monitors is

Back 232

mean arterial pressure

Front 233

MAP

Back 233

mean arterial pressure

Front 234

indicates the average arterial pressure during systole and diastole

Back 234

MAP

Front 235

how to express MAP

Back 235

MAP = (HR × SV) × SVR

or

MAP = CO × SVR

Front 236

Approximately what percentage of blood is found within the heart, arteries, and capillaries

Back 236

30%

Front 237

Seventy percent of blood is found within

Back 237

veins and venules

Front 238

Nutrients move from the capillaries into the

Back 238

interstitial space then intracellular space

Front 239

space between the cells

Back 239

interstitial space

Front 240

space within the cells

Back 240

intracellular space

Front 241

the two main forces inside the capillary

Back 241

Hydrostatic pressure

Oncotic pressure

Front 242

occurs as fluid pushes against the vessel walls to force fluid out of the capillary

Back 242

Hydrostatic pressure

Front 243

is the opposing force and occurs because proteins in the blood plasma cause water to be pulled into the capillary by diffusion

Back 243

Oncotic pressure

Front 244

what do wbc do?

Back 244

fights infection

Front 245

what does rbc do?

Back 245

transports oxygen

Front 246

what does plasma do

Back 246

transport carbon dioxide

through water, transports wastes and nutrients

Front 247

what does the chemicals within the plasma do?

Back 247

controls/buffers pH

Front 248

what do platelets and parts of the plasma do?

Back 248

coagulation

Front 249

what does it mean when a wound spurts out blood?

Back 249

it came from the artery

Front 250

what does it mean when blood flows in a steady stream from a wound?

Back 250

it came from a vein

Front 251

also known as adrenaline

Back 251

epinephrine

Front 252

also known as noradrenaline

Back 252

nonrepinephrine

Front 253

the two hormones in the adrenal glands

Back 253

epinephrine

nonepinephrine

Front 254

where are the adrenal glands located?

Back 254

above the kidney

Front 255

happens during the release of the two hormones in the adrenal glands

Back 255

flight or fight response

Front 256

simply means related to the adrenal gland

Back 256

adrenergic

Front 257

stimulates the blood vessels, which then constrict. skin becomes pale, cool, and clammy

Back 257

Alpha -1 receptor

Front 258

stimulates the heart which increases it's rate

Back 258

Beta-1

Front 259

stimulates the lungs which causes bronchodilation

Back 259

Beta-2

Front 260

stimulates the heart which decreases it's rate and force of contraction

Back 260

Muscarinic

Front 261

name all the cardiovascular receptors in the nervous system

Back 261

Alpha 1

Beta 1

Beta 2

Muscarinic

Front 262

Receptors found in the sympathetic nervous system

Back 262

Alpha 1

Beta 1

Beta 2

Front 263

receptors found in the parasympathetic nervous system

Back 263

muscarinic