The Central Nervous System

Front 1

What are neurons?

Back 1

nerve cells

Front 2

What are the two parts of the Nervous system?

Back 2

- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System

Front 3

What does the central nervous system consits of...?

Back 3

- Brain
- Spinal cord

Front 4

What are the types of extensions from the cell?

Back 4

- dendrites
- axons

Front 5

What is the cell body?

Back 5

Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus

Front 6

What are the 3 structures that protect the Central Nervous System?

Back 6

- Bone
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Cappilary blood barrier

Front 7

What is the cranium?

Back 7

Part of the skull that houses the brain

Front 8

The spinal cord runs through an opening in the vertebrae called what?

Back 8

vertebral canal

Front 9

Hpw does the cerebrospinal fluid protect?

Back 9

- absorbes the shock
- cushioning any blows

Front 10

How does the cerebrospinal fluid support the brain?

Back 10

- the brain floats in the fluid
-

Front 11

What are the 3 functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 11

- protection
- support
- transport

Front 12

What is the biggest part of the brain?

Back 12

The cerebrum

Front 13

What is the outer surface of grey matter called in the cerebrum?

Back 13

cerebral cortex

Front 14

deep in side the cerebrum there is more grey matter called what?

Back 14

Basal Ganglia

Front 15

What are sulci?

Back 15

shallow downfolds on the surface of the cerebrum

Front 16

What almost separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

Back 16

longitudinal fissure

Front 17

what are deep downfolds called in the cerebral cortex?

Back 17

fissures

Front 18

What is the deepest fissure?

Back 18

The longitudinal fissure

Front 19

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

Back 19

- frontal
- parietal
- occipital
- temporal

Front 20

What if the lobe that is inside the brain?

Back 20

insula

Front 21

Within the the CNS bundles of nerve fibres are called what?

Back 21

tracts

Front 22

Outside the CNS what are bundles of nerve fibres called?

Back 22

nerves

Front 23

What are the 3 types of tracts that occur in white matter?

Back 23

- tracts the connect areas of the cortex
- tracts that carry impules between the left/ right hemispheres
- tract that connect the cortex to the spinal cord

Front 24

What activites is the cerebral cortex involved in?

Back 24

control of voluntary muscle contractions
mental activities:
- thinking
- reasoning
- learning
- memory
- intelligence
- sense of responsibility

Front 25

What machine is used the study brain waves?

Back 25

electroncephalogram

Front 26

What are the 3 types of functional area of the cortex?

Back 26

- sensory area
- motor area
- association area

Front 27

What does the sensory area do in the cortex?

Back 27

interprets impulses from the receptors

Front 28

what does the motor area do in the cortex?

Back 28

controls muscular movement

Front 29

what does the association area of the cortex do?

Back 29

intellectual and emotional processes

Front 30

What part of the brain is associated with the control of the skeletal muscles?

Back 30

Basal ganglia

Front 31

What is an important function of the cerebrum?

Back 31

Memory

Front 32

What is the outer part of the cerebellum?

Back 32

grey matter

Front 33

What does the cerebellum have control over?

Back 33

- posture
- balance
- fine coordination of voluntary muscle movement

Front 34

How does the cerebellum control posture and balance?

Back 34

The cerebellum recieves sensory info from:
- inner ear
- stretch receptors in the skeletal muscle

Front 35

Functions of the hypothalamus include the regulation of what?

Back 35

Autonomic Nervous System
- heartrate
- bloodpressure
- diameter of pupil
Body temperture
Pattern for waking and sleeping
Contractions of the bladder
Emotional Responses
- fear
- anger
- pleasure

Front 36

What is the medulla oblongata?

Back 36

continuation of the spinal cord

Front 37

What centres does the medulla oblongata contain?

Back 37

- Cardiac Centre: regulates the rate/force of heartbeat
- Respiratory Centre: controls rate and depth of breathing
- Vasomotor Centre: regulates the diameter of blood vessels

Front 38

How is the outer meningeal layer different in the brain then in the spinal cord? and why?

Back 38

In the spinal cord the outermost meningeal lager is not joined to the bone as it is in the skull.
- instead there is a space with fat, connective tissue and blood vessels

allows the it to bend when the spine is bent

Front 39

What is the grey matter composed of?

Back 39

Nerve cells and unmyelinated nerve fibres

Front 40

what is the white matter composed of?

Back 40

myelinated fibres

Front 41

what makes the matter different in the spinal cord then in the brain?

Back 41

In the spinal cord the grey matter is inside were as in the brain the grey matter is on the outside with the white matter on the inside.

Front 42

In the spinal cord what is the centre called? (it runs the length of the spinal cord)

Back 42

central canal

Front 43

The myelinated nerve fibres of the white mater are arranged in what kind of bundles?

Back 43

ascending and descending

Front 44

What are the ascending tracts?

Back 44

sensory axons that:
- carry impulses upwards
- towards the brain

Front 45

What are the descending tracts?

Back 45

Motor axons that:
- conduct impulses downwards
- away from the brain

Front 46

What are the two functions of the spinal cord?

Back 46

1) To carry sensory impulses up to brain & motor impulses down from the brain
2) accommodate certain reflexed (fast, automatic reponses)

Front 47

What is the function of the Cerebral cortex?

Back 47

- thinking
- reasoning
- memory
- learning

Front 48

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

Back 48

Maintenance of:
- posture
- balance

Front 49

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

Back 49

Homeostasis
- heart
- digestive system
- body temperature

Front 50

What are the functions of the Medulla Oblongata?

Back 50

Under the influence of the hypothalamus it regulates:
- heart
- breathing
- diameter of blood vessels

Front 51

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

Back 51

- Pathway of communication between muscles and glands and the brain
- Inregration of automatic reflexes

Front 52

When we wish to stand up what part of the cerebral cortex do we contact?

Back 52

Motor Association Area

Front 53

What is a homunculus?

Back 53

Is a diagram that shows parts of the cortex devoted to control of different muscles

Front 54

The cerebellum receives input for balance from where?

Back 54

- the semicircular canals in the inner ear (info about movement of the head)
- the saccule and the utricle (position of head)
- eyes
- pressure receptors in the skin (feet)
- strech receptors in the muscles and joints