The Central Dogma Of Life Biochem

Front 1

Chromosome

Back 1

Structure in the cell nucleus thought to be the carrier of genetic information

Front 2

Gene

Back 2

Portion of a chromosome that controlled a specific inheritable trait

Front 3

Nucleotide

Back 3

Are the building blocks of nucleic acid

Front 4

Nucleoside

Back 4

Sugar + base

Front 5

Nucleotide

Back 5

Phosphate + nucleoside

Front 6

True

Back 6

Bases are homophobic

Front 7

Chargaff rule

Back 7

(A and T) and (C and G) are present in equimolar quantities

Front 8

Rosalind franklin and maurice wilkins

Back 8

X-ray diffraction photograps

Front 9

Hydrogen bond

Back 9

Sugar (ribose) bond with the base

Front 10

Heterocyclic ring

Back 10

Presence of lone pairs in nitrogen atom

Front 11

Histones

Back 11

DNA in the nuclei is not stretched out, but rather coiled around basic protein molecules

Front 12

Nucleosomes

Back 12

The acidic DNA and the Basic histones attract each other by electrostatic (ionic) forces, combining to form units

Front 13

One gene

Back 13

One protein

Front 14

Gene

Back 14

The sequence of nucleotides within a portion of DNA that codes for a peptide or a functional RNA

Front 15

Genome

Back 15

Sum of all genes

Front 16

Transcription

Back 16

-Occurs in the nucleus

-information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule

Front 17

Translation

Back 17

Information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to assemble a specific person

Front 18

RNA polymerase I

Back 18

Catalyzes the formation of rRNA

Front 19

RNA polymerase II

Back 19

Catalyzes the formation of mRNA

Front 20

RNA polymerase III

Back 20

Catalyzes tRNA formation

Front 21

Exons

Back 21

Coding sequence

"Expressed sequence"

Front 22

Introns

Back 22

Non-coding sequence

"Interventing sequence"

Front 23

Ribozymes

Back 23

-Catalytic RNA

- are found in the ribosome where they join amino acids together to form protein chains

Front 24

Semiconservative replication

Back 24

-DNA replication would two molecule

-Each of them would be a complex of an old (parental) and a daughter strand

Front 25

Conservative replication

Back 25

DNA replication process would create a brand new DNA double helix made of two daughter strands while the parental chain would stay together

Front 26

Dispersive replication

Back 26

Replication process would create two DNA double-chains, each of them with parts of both parent and daughter molecules

Front 27

Promoter

Back 27

DNA region that RNA polymerase associates with immediately before beginning transcription

Front 28

Terminator sequence

Back 28

-Termination of transcription comes about when the polymerase enzyme recognizes a DNA region

-marks the end of a gene transcription

Front 29

Splicing

Back 29

The editing of the nascent pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript

Front 30

Splicesome

Back 30

A complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins

Front 31

Helicase

Back 31

Unwinds the DNA double helix

Front 32

Primase

Back 32

Synthesis short oligonucleotides

Front 33

Clamp protein

Back 33

Allow the leading strand to be threaded through

Front 34

DNA polymerase

Back 34

Joins the assembled nucleotides

Front 35

Ligase

Back 35

Joins okazaki fragments in the lagging strand