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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Cycle
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The cycle of cell reproduction by growing and dividing
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Interphase
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The stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates DNA
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Cytokinesis
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The method by which the cell's nucleus and nuclear material divide
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Chromosomes
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The structures that contain the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation of cells
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Chromatin
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The relaxed form of DNA in the cell's nucleus
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Prophase
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The stage in which the cell's chromatin tighten into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane disinegrates, the nucleolus dissappears, and the mitotic spindle begins to form
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Sister chromatids
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The structures that contain identical copies of DNA
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Centromere
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The structure at the center of the chromosome wher ethe sister chromatids are attached
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Spindle Apparatus
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The structure including the spindle fibers, centrioles, and the aster fibers
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Metaphase
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During this phase, the sister chromatids are pulled by motor proteins along the spindle apparatus toward the equator of the cell and line up the middle, shortest stage of mitosis
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Anaphase
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The stage where The microtubules shorten and the chromosomes move to opposite poles, the sister chromatids seperate into two identical chromosomes(all seperate at same time)
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Telophase
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The chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to relax, two nuclear membranes begin to form and the nucleoli reappear, the spindle apparatus disassembles and some of the microtubules are recycled by the cell to build the cytoskeleton
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Cyclins
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proteins that bind to to cyclin-dependant kinases(CDKs)in the stages of interphase and mitosis to start various activities that take place in the cell cycle
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Cyclin-dependent Kinases
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(CDKs)The enzyme to which cyclin binds during interphase and mitosis, triggering and controlling activities during the cell
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Cancer
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The uncontrolled growth and division of cells-a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle
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Carcinogens
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Substances and agents known to
cause cancer |
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Apoptosis
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Programmed cell death
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Stem Cells
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Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions
Two basic types: Embryionic and adult |
