The Cell Cycle Aries!!

Front 1

A cycle of growth, development, and division that most cells

in an organism go through

Back 1

Cell cycle

Front 2

1st Phase of Cell Cycle- divided into three stages. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division

Back 2

Interphase activity

Front 3

In interphase - cell grows rapidly, builds new organelles; also performs regular cell functions

Back 3

G1

Front 4

The second "synthesis" phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. (doubles each chromosomes)

Back 4

S PHASE

Front 5

Third phase of interface when the cell synthesizes a variety of proteins.

Back 5

G2 phase

Front 6

Known as "simple cell division" after interphase (but is actually just division of the nucleus)

Back 6

MITOSIS

Front 7

Nucleolus has disappeared, and duplicated chromosomes are visible. Centrosomes begin moving apart, and spindle is in process of forming.

Back 7

Prophase

Front 8

the chromosomes coil up and become visible while the nuclear envelope disappears.

Back 8

Prophase

Front 9

MITOSIS-chromatids line up on equator. Fully form spindle

Back 9

Metaphase

Front 10

Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Back 10

Metaphase

Front 11

Third phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Back 11

Anaphase

Front 12

nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun

Back 12

Telophase

Front 13

Division of the cytoplasm to make two new cells

Back 13

Cytokinesis

Front 14

Bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division. Two chromatids bound at a centromere make a CHROMOSOME.

Doubled, wound-up chromosomes

Back 14

Chromatids

Front 15

Special strands of microtubules which grow out of the centrioles, connect to chromosomes at the centromeres, and pull them apart during (anaphase) of mitosis

Fibers that pull on the chromosomes to move them around the cell

Back 15

Spindle fibers

Front 16

DNA that is coiled together and condensed into small packages (like DNA suitcases)

Back 16

Chromosomes

Front 17

unpackaged unwound DNA in the nucleus of a cell

Back 17

Chromatin

Front 18

a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes, one from one parent and one set from the other parent. (somatic cells..."soma" means "body")

Back 18

Diploid

Front 19

-A micrograph (microscope photograph) of the chromosomes of a human

Back 19

Karaotype

Front 20

Controls the cell during mitosis

Back 20

Centriole

Front 21

Holds the chromosomes together

Back 21

Centromere

Front 22

First phase of interphase

Back 22

G1 phase, during this phase is so much variety of proteins that are needed for DNA replication.

Front 23

Know the phases of mitosis what occurs in each and what is the overall result of mitosis.

Back 23

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Overall result is cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm to form two new sales overlap at the final stages of mitosis. When this finishes we end up with two new cells

Front 24

What is metabolism?

Back 24

Balance in the body between the reactions that build things up and breaking things down.

Front 25

What is metabolism?

Back 25

Balance in the body between the reactions that build things up and breaking things down.

Front 26

What are the two basic types of metabolic reactions?

Back 26

Anabolic and catabolic. Taking in your food and forming large complex molecules. Some people take anabolic as steroids for growth. Catabolic is breaking down organic molecules for energy.

Front 27

What is bulk transport?

Back 27

The transport of very large molecules in and out of the cell

Front 28

What is bulk transport?

Back 28

Large particles that can't move through the vesicles

Front 29

What are the three types of bulk transport

Back 29

Policy todos-droplets of fluid.

Phagocytosis-large particles (bacteria)

Receptor-mediated endocytosis (ligands)

Front 30

How is the cell cycle controlled

Back 30

By complex series of signaling pathways by which a cell grows and replicates it's DNA Andy vibes this process also includes mechanisms to ensure errors are corrected

Front 31

What happens if the cell cycle becomes uncontrolled? What are the different types of tumors, be able to describe some different treatments and causes of cancer

Back 31

If the errors or not corrected of signaling pathways by which a cell grows the cell commit suicide in cancer, as a result of genetic mutations this regulatory process menu functions resulting uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Front 32

What is selectively permeable membrane?

Back 32

Allowing certain molecules or ions to pass through it by means of passive and active transport

Front 33

Uses carrier molecules pumps

Back 33

Have to use this to transport active transport

Front 34

Name and describe different membrane proteins

Back 34

Integral proteins- embedded within the lipid layer

Peripheral proteins- attached to the exterior lipid bilayer.

Lipid bound proteins-located entirely within the boundaries of the lipid bilayer.

The cell surface- the protein or cell membrane is covered with a layer of carbohydrate chains on its outer surface.

Front 35

2 types of tumors

Back 35

Benign and malignant

Front 36

Treatments for cancer

Back 36

Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

Front 37

Causes of cancer

Back 37

Sun, smoking, environmentally caused

Front 38

What are stem cells

Back 38

Unspecified any type of cell

Front 39

Difference between a stem cells and progenitor cells

Back 39

Progenitor cells are the daughter cells of a stem cell

Front 40

What is cell death

Back 40

Important for protection, apoptosis

Front 41

What is cell death due to injury or inflammation

Back 41

Necrosis

Front 42

Active transport

Back 42

From low to high. Energy is needed

Front 43

Endocytosis

Back 43

Large particles that can't move through the vesicle

Front 44

Bulk transport [exocytosis]moving

Back 44

Moving large particles out of the cell.

Front 45

Bulk transport [transcytosis]

Back 45

Combines endocytosis and exocytosis to move particles across a cell or a lining

Front 46

Three main phases of the cell cycle

Back 46

Interphase – longest phase. Mitosis – division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis – division of cytoplasm

Front 47

Cytokinesis

Back 47

Cells forming a cleavage with protein fibers

Front 48

Cytokinesis

Back 48

Cells forming a cleavage with protein fibers

Front 49

Controlling the cell cycle

Back 49

Telomeres- every time the cell divides you will lose a sequence signal to tell the cell to stop dividing after a certain time.

2). Levels of proteins – help control division.

3). Space availability and finally hormones and growth factors

Front 50

Describe filtration

Back 50

Passive transport, the movement of molecules through a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure (gravity) it's like coffee filter, water filters coffee beans.

Front 51

What is the difference between passive active and bulk transport.

Back 51

Active transport is from low to high. Bulk transport is where large particles can't diffuse. Passive transport is where movement of molecules through a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure

Front 52

What is the difference between passive active and bulk transport.

Back 52

Active transport is from low to high. Bulk transport is where large particles can't diffuse. Passive transport is where movement of molecules through a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure

Front 53

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion

Back 53

Diffusion not all substances can pass through freely. Osmosis more volume of water from a high concentration to low concentration. Water can cross the membrane salutes cannot