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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What constituents are made up in the Cytoplasm?
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Cell Organelles and Cell Inclusions
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What are Organelles
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Permanent vital structures of living cells which perform specific cellular functions
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Cell membrane
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aka Plasma-lemma, made up of bilayer of phospholipids
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Outer surface of cell membrane is covered by?
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glycoprotein layer called glycocalyx that acts as identification marker
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Cell membrane Actively controls transport of materials called?
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exocytosis and endocytosis
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In the cell membrane particular funtion called microvilli performs what function?
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increases surface area for absorption
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Cell membrane- is a site of cellular attachments such as
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desmosomes and junctional complexes
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Mitochondria is the..
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powerhouse of the cell
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Mitochondria- the inner membrane shows shelve like foldings known as??
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cristae
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Ribosomes function in..
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protein synthesis
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Granular Endoplasmic reticulum- Its functions include?
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reception of protein formed by ribosomes and TRANSFER of that protein to Golgi apparatus
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Golgi Apparatus- what is the function?
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processes (modifies, concentrates) and transports the secretory protein to the cell surface
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Agranular(smooth) ER- what is its function?
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function in biosynthesis of steroid hormones, formation of gastric HCI and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver. releases and captures calcium
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Lysosomes- small round membranous vesicles that...
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contain a large variety of hydrolytic enzymes
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Lysosomes are the...
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digestive systme of the cell
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Centrioles are two perpendicular rods called
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diplosomes
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Centrioles- diplosomes form...
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cilia, tails of spermatozoa and tubules of mitotic spindles of dividing cells
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Microtubules main function are to...
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maintain cellular shape, move cilia and possibly contribute to cellular movements
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Microfilaments- function include contraction e.g.,
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myofilaments of muscle cells
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Microtubules and filaments are known as the
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cytoskeleton
meaning "skeleton of cell" |
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what are the 4 components of the Nucleus
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Nuclear membrane
Karyoplasm Nucleoli Chromatin |
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Nuclear Membrane- what is it?
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double membrane with pores. Outer membrane is continuous with ER
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What are the 4 parts of the Nuclear Membrane
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Outer nuclear membrane
inner nuclear membrane Perinuclear space Nuclear pores |
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What is the Karyoplasm
(karyolymph) |
semifluid rich in protein forms nuclear matrix
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Nucleoli is....
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aggregates of RNA of variable number
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Chromatin is the
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genetic material of the cell
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Chromatin-
All cell bodies have how many chromosomes? (diploid number |
46
disposed into 23 pairs |
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Chromatin-- each pair of is made up of two identical chromosomes also called
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homologous pairs
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Chromatin-- mature germ cells contain 23 chromosomes also known as
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haploid number
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22 pairs operate body functions, known as
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autosomes
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Chromatin- The 23rd chromosome pair operates sexual functions, also known as
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sex chromosomes
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Cell Cycle- made of two phases called?
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Interphase- non dividing(G1,S and G2
Mitotic Phase-dividing phase |
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Mitosis is cell division in all body cells where daughter cells have the same...
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number of chromosomes (diploid) as their mother cell
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Meiosis is cell division in germ cells where daughter cells have....
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half the number of chromosomes (haploid) of their mother cell
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Cell Division-- what are the 4 phases
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Prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase |
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What happens during Prophase
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duplication of centrioles, seperation to opposite poles
disappearance of nuclear mbrane coiling of chromatin appearance of chromosome |
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What happens during metapahse?
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spindle of microtubules
chromosomes arrange in equator of spindle development of chromosomal microtubules |
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Anaphase
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seperation of chromatids at centromere, development of circular furrow at equator of cell
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Telophase
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splitting into two cells
reformation of nuclei daughter cells |
