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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Types of blood vessels?
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– Arteries
– Arterioles – Capillaries – Venules – Veins |
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What type of blood vessel carries blood a way from the heart?
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Arteries
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Types of arteries?
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– Elastic
– Muscular |
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What blood vessel is from capillaries?
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Arterioles
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What blood vessel connect arterioles to venules?
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Capillaries
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What blood vessel forms the veins?
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Venules
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What blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?
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Veins
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Veins have the _____ lumen(_____ pressure)?
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– Largest
– Lowest |
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Veins contain _____?
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Valves
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Weakened wall of artery or vein?
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Aneurysm
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With blood vessel functions, _____ & _____ regulate blood flow?
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– Arteries
– Arterioles |
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With blood vessel functions, increased sympathetic activity contracts smooth muscle causing _____?
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Vasoconstriction
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With blood vessel functions, decreased sympathetic activity relaxes smooth muscle causing _____?
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Vasodilation
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With blood vessel functions, what permit exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissue cells?
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Capillaries
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With blood vessel functions, at rest, these store 64% of total blood volume (blood reservoirs)?
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– Venules
– Veins |
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Capillaries _____ vessels?
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Exchange
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Capillaries automatically adjust blood flow based on _____ demands?
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Oxygen
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Capillaries have the _____ blood flow to permit proper gas exchange?
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Slowest
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Moves materials in and out of capillaries?
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Capillary Exchange
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With the capillary exchange, what pushes fluid out of capillaries(filtration)?
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Capillary Blood Pressure
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With capillary exchange, what is it when plasma proteins pulls fluid into capillaries (reabsorption)?
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Blood Colloid Pressure
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With capillary exchange, exccess filtered fluid is returned to the _____ system?
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Lymphatic System
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With venous return, blood returns to the right atrium by 3 mechanisms?
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– Heart Contractions
– Skeketal Muscle Pumps – Respiratory Pump |
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With venous return, which mechanism generates blood pressure?
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Heart Contractions
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With heart contractions, _____ pressure in aorta pushes blood to the heart?
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High
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With venous return, which mechanism is where skeletal muscle contractions squeeze veins?
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Skeletal Muscle Pumps
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With skeletal musle pumps, what prevents backflow?
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Valves
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With venous valves, this is where weak valves overstretch walls?
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Varicose Veins
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With venous return, what mechanism is where inhalation lowers thoracic pressure, moving blood to the right atrium?
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Respiratory Pump
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With blood flow through vessels, blood flows from _____ to _____ pressure areas?
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– Higher
– Lower |
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With the blood flow through vessels, blood pressure _____ from aorta to right atrium?
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Drops
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Blood pressure is highest in the?
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Aorta
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With blood pressure, you will see the greatest drop in the _____, where it slows blood flow in capillaries to permit _____?
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– Arterioles
– Exchange |
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Blood pressure is the lowest in the _____ _____?
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Right Atrium
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Factors that regulate blood pressure and blood flow?
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– Blood Volume
– Vascular Resistance |
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With factors that regulate blood pressure and blood flow, which factor is water retention and increases blood pressure?
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Blood Volume
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With factors that regulate blood pressure and blood flow, which factor is opposition to blood flow?
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Vascular Resistance
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Vascular resistance depends on blood vessel _____, blood vessel _____, and blood _____?
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– Diameter
– Length – Viscosity |
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With vascular resistance, _____ increases resistance?
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Vasoconstriction
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Greater blood vessel length due to weight gain, increases or decreases resistance?
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Increases
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Higher viscosity due to blood doping or dehydration increases or decreases resistance?
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Increases
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BP is controlled by a _____ feedback system?
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Negative
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A decrease in BP, stimulates the _____ nervous system to _____ HR, SV, and BP?
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– Sympathetic
– Increase |
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With the cardiovascular center, what monitors joint movements?
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Proprioceptors
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With the cardiovascular center, what monitors blood pressure?
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Baroreceptor
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With the cardiovascular center, what monitors blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acidity?
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Chemoreceptors
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With the cardiovascular center, the parasympathetic _____ HR?
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Decreases
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With the cardiovascular center, the sympathetic _____ HR?
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Increases
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What hormones help regulation of blood?
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– Aldosterone
– Epinephrine – ADH (antidiuretic hormone) – ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) |
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With hormone regulation, what retains Na+ and water, and increases BP?
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Aldosterone
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With hormone regulation, epinephrine _____ BP?
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Increases
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With hormone regulation, what conserves water and increases BP?
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ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
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With hormone regulation, what is produced by atrial cells and stimulates Na+ and water loss in urine and decreases BP?
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ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
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When checking circulation, this is alternate expansion and recoil of artery after left ventricle contracts and relaxes?
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Pulse
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The pulse is strongest in arteries nearest the _____?
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Heart
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When checking circulation, the pulse in the arm is the?
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Brachial Artery
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When checking circulation, the pulse in the neck is the?
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Carotid Artery
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When checking circulation, the pulse on the thumb side of the wrist is the?
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Radial Artery
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What is it called when you have a rapid resting HR (>100 beats/minute)?
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Tachycardia
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What is it called when you have a slow resting HR (<50 beats/minutes)?
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Bradycardia
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Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is pressure during ventricular _____?
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Contraction
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Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is pressure during ventricular _____?
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Relaxation
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High blood pressure is called?
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Hypertension
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What causes heart failure, strokes, and kidney disease?
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Hypertension
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Normal BP values: <_____mmHg systolic and <_____mmHg diastolic?
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120/80
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Exercise, low salt intake, weight loss, and not smoking will reduce _____?
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BP (hypertension)
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Circulatory routes?
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– Systemic
– Pulmonary |
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What circulatory route is where arteries branch directly or indirectly from aorta and deliver oxygenated blood to tissues?
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Systemic
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What circulatory route is where veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart?
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Systemic
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The aorta has 4 divisions?
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– Descending Aorta
– Arc Of Aorta – Thoracic Aorta – Abdominal Aorta |
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The arch of the aorta has 3 direct branches?
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– Brachiocephalic Trunk
– Left Common Carotid Artery – Left Subclavian Artery |
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With the arch of the aorta, the brachiocephalic trunk branch, has 2 subbranches?
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– Right Subclavian Artery
– Right Common Carotid Artery |
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With the brachiocephalic trunk branch, what subbranch supplies the upper limbs?
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Right Subclavian Artery
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With the arch of the aorta, what are the 2 common carotid artery branches?
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– External Carotid Artery
– Internal Carotid Artery |
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With the arch of the aorta, which common carotid artery branch supplies the skull?
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External Carotid Artery
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With the arch of the aorta, which common carotid artery branch supplies the brain?
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Internal Carotid Artery
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The cerebral arterial circle is also known as the?
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Circle of Willis
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The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) provide _____ blood flow routes to the _____?
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– Alternate
– Brain |
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The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is formed by what 2 arteries?
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– Internal Carotid Artery
– Basilar Artery |
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The common iliac artery branches are the circulatory route to the _____ and _____?
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– Pelvis
–Lower Limb |
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What are the 2 common iliac branches?
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– Internal Iliac Artery
– External Iliac Artery |
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Which common iliac artery branch supplies pelvic structures?
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Internal Iliac Artery
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Which common iliac artery branch supplies the lower limbs?
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External Iliac Artery
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What is the external iliac artery pathway?
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Femoral Artery > Popliteal Artery > Tibial Arteries
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The circulatory routes of veins can be _____ or _____?
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– Superficial
– Deep |
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Veins _____ structures and empty into the _____ _____?
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– Drain
– Right Atrium |
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What is the main heart vein?
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Coronary Sinus
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With veins, what drains the upper body?
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Superior Vena Cava
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What is the largest vein that drains the lower body?
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Inferior Vena Cava
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What are the veins of the head and neck?
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– Internal Jugular Vein
– External Jugular Vein |
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What vein of the head and neck drains the brain?
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Internal Jugular Vein
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What vein of the head and neck drains the skull?
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External Jugular Vein
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What are the superficial veins of the upper limbs?
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– Cephalic
– Basilic |
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What superficial vein of the upper limb drains the lateral upper limb?
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Cephalic
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What superficial vein of the upper limb drains the medial upper limb?
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Basilic
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What are the veins of the pelvis and lower limbs?
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– Great (long) Saphenous
– Small (lesser) Saphenous |
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What vein of the pelvis and lower limbs is the longest?
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Great Saphenous
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What vein of the pelvis and lower limbs is anterior to medial of the malleolus?
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Great Saphenous
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What vein of the pelvis and lower limbs is subject to varicosities?
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Great Saphenous
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What vein of the pelvis and lower limbs is posterior to lateral of the malleolus?
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Small Saphenous
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The hepatic portal vein delivers _____ _____ deoxygenated blood from the GI tract to the _____?
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– Nutrient Rich
– Liver |
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With fetal circulation, the umbilical arteries go to the?
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Medial Umbilical Ligaments
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With fetal circulation, the umbilical veins go to the?
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Ligamentum Teres
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With fetal circulation, the ductus venous (liver bypass) go to the?
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Ligamentum Venosum
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With fetal circulation, the foraman ovalis (lung bypass) go to the?
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Fossa Ovale
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With fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus go to the?
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Ligamentum Arteriosum
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Low blood pressure is called?
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Hypotension
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Excessive lowering of blood pressure upon standing is called?
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Orthostatic Hypotension
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Obstruction of a blood vessel is called?
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Occlusion
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