The Cardiovascular System (Ch. 7)

Front 1

What are the 3 major types of blood vessels?

Back 1

1. Arteries
2. Capillaries
3. Veins

*Vary in tissue composition and thickness. Rely on different things to move the blood

Front 2

Arteries

Back 2

Carry blood AWAY from the heart

Front 3

Arterioles

Back 3

smaller arteries - so that it can join the capillaries

Front 4

Capillaries

Back 4

Exchange of materials such as nutrients/waste between the blood and the body's tissues
One cell layer thick

Front 5

Venules

Back 5

smaller veins to connect the capillaries to the veins

Front 6

Veins

Back 6

Carry blood TO the heart

Front 7

Vascular Pathways

Back 7

Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit

Front 8

Pulmonary circuit

Back 8

-Blood from right ride of the heart travels to capillaries in the lungs where CO2 is dropped off and O2 is picked up

Front 9

Movement of blood through heart (pulmonary circulation)

Back 9

Vena cava dumps into R atrium
R atrium dumps into R ventricle
R ventricle dumps into pulmonary arteries which carry blood to lungs
Blood picks up O2 and drops off CO2
Pulmonary veins dump into L atrium

Front 10

Systemic circuit

Back 10

Blood from L side of heart travels to body's capillaries where O2 is dropped off and CO2 is picked up

Front 11

Movement of blood through heart (systemic circulation)

Back 11

Pulmonary veins dump into L atrium
L atrium dumps into L ventricle
L ventricle dumps into aorta wich carries blood to the body

Front 12

Coronary arteries

Back 12

that branch off the aorta feed the heart muscle
Heart attacks occur when these arteries are blocked by blood clots or by plaques (cholesterol buildup)

Front 13

What is the largest blood vessel of the lower body?

Back 13

femoral v/a

Front 14

What is the jugular/cartoid v/a? What does it service?

Back 14

neck; services brain and facial tissues

Front 15

What is the mesentric v/a and the hepatic v/a?

Back 15

digestive system and liver

Front 16

Hepatic portal system

Back 16

Hepatic portal vein carries nutrients from the small intestine to the liver
Hepatic vein leaves the liver and enters the vena cava

Front 17

SA (sinoatrial) node

Back 17

a.k.a. Pacemaker In the Right Atrium initiates the heartbeat
-SA node sends impulses that tell the R and L atria to contract

Front 18

AV (atrioventricular) node

Back 18

The impulses from the SA node reach the AV node and travel to the ventricles causing the ventricles to contract simultaneously, just slightly after the atria contract

Front 19

What does the body phisically do to increase the heart rate?

Back 19

Our brain sends out nervous impulses as well as hormones.

Front 20

Heart murmurs

Back 20

Occur when the valves allow blood to flow backwards in the heart

Front 21

Electrocardiograms (ECG)

Back 21

Record contraction of atria and ventricles

Front 22

Defibrillation

Back 22

When the heart muscles do not contract simultaneously, the heart quivers and not enough blood travels to the brain so we pass out
To restore proper heart contraction, the heart is contracted forcefully using electric shock
*This causes the whole heart to then completely stop and relax all at once
Hopefully this "resets" impulses
This works about 30% of the time

Front 23

What moves the blood through arteries?

Back 23

1. Pumping of the heart - blood pressure
2.Smooth muscle in the artery wall
3. Elasticity of the arterial walls makes them contract which pushes blood through the body

Front 24

Pulse

Back 24

Arterial walls stretch as blood moves through them.
Usually 70 times/min (60-80)
*the greatest amount of pressure is in the aorta near our heart

Front 25

What is blood pressure like in the capillaries?

Back 25

Blood slows down; There is just enough pressure to push water and nutrients into the tissues

Front 26

Blood pressure

Back 26

The blood pressure decreases as blood travels away from the body
The pressure of blood against the vessel wall
Measure it usually in the brachial artery of the arm

Front 27

Systolic pressure

Back 27

Highest arterial pressure
Reached when blood is pumped from the ventricles of the heart

Front 28

Diastolic pressure

Back 28

Lowest arterial pressure
Occurs while the heart ventricles are relaxing between beats

Front 29

Average blood pressure

Back 29

Blood pressure is the systolic over the diastolic.
Average BP is 120/80

Front 30

Veins

Back 30

Contain valves so blood does not flow backwards
-Walls are thinner but they can expand more; diameter is the same as the artery
-About 70% of our blood is in our veins at all times (Body's resevoir)
-Usually found near the skins surface

Front 31

Hepatic portal system

Back 31

Hepatic portal vein carries nutrients from the small intestine to the liver
Hepatic vein leaves the liver and enters the vena cava

Front 32

Hepatic portal system

Back 32

Hepatic portal vein carries nutrients from the small intestine to the liver
Hepatic vein leaves the liver and enters the vena cava

Front 33

SA (sinoatrial) node

Back 33

a.k.a. Pacemaker In the Right Atrium initiates the heartbeat
-SA node sends impulses that tell the R and L atria to contract

Front 34

SA (sinoatrial) node

Back 34

a.k.a. Pacemaker In the Right Atrium initiates the heartbeat
-SA node sends impulses that tell the R and L atria to contract

Front 35

AV (atrioventricular) node

Back 35

The impulses from the SA node reach the AV node and travel to the ventricles causing the ventricles to contract simultaneously, just slightly after the atria contract

Front 36

AV (atrioventricular) node

Back 36

The impulses from the SA node reach the AV node and travel to the ventricles causing the ventricles to contract simultaneously, just slightly after the atria contract

Front 37

What does the body phisically do to increase the heart rate?

Back 37

Our brain sends out nervous impulses as well as hormones.

Front 38

What does the body phisically do to increase the heart rate?

Back 38

Our brain sends out nervous impulses as well as hormones.

Front 39

Heart murmurs

Back 39

Occur when the valves allow blood to flow backwards in the heart

Front 40

Heart murmurs

Back 40

Occur when the valves allow blood to flow backwards in the heart

Front 41

Electrocardiograms (ECG)

Back 41

Record contraction of atria and ventricles

Front 42

Electrocardiograms (ECG)

Back 42

Record contraction of atria and ventricles

Front 43

Defibrillation

Back 43

When the heart muscles do not contract simultaneously, the heart quivers and not enough blood travels to the brain so we pass out
To restore proper heart contraction, the heart is contracted forcefully using electric shock
*This causes the whole heart to then completely stop and relax all at once
Hopefully this "resets" impulses
This works about 30% of the time

Front 44

Defibrillation

Back 44

When the heart muscles do not contract simultaneously, the heart quivers and not enough blood travels to the brain so we pass out
To restore proper heart contraction, the heart is contracted forcefully using electric shock
*This causes the whole heart to then completely stop and relax all at once
Hopefully this "resets" impulses
This works about 30% of the time

Front 45

What moves the blood through arteries?

Back 45

1. Pumping of the heart - blood pressure
2.Smooth muscle in the artery wall
3. Elasticity of the arterial walls makes them contract which pushes blood through the body

Front 46

What moves the blood through arteries?

Back 46

1. Pumping of the heart - blood pressure
2.Smooth muscle in the artery wall
3. Elasticity of the arterial walls makes them contract which pushes blood through the body

Front 47

Pulse

Back 47

Arterial walls stretch as blood moves through them.
Usually 70 times/min (60-80)
*the greatest amount of pressure is in the aorta near our heart

Front 48

Pulse

Back 48

Arterial walls stretch as blood moves through them.
Usually 70 times/min (60-80)
*the greatest amount of pressure is in the aorta near our heart

Front 49

What is blood pressure like in the capillaries?

Back 49

Blood slows down; There is just enough pressure to push water and nutrients into the tissues

Front 50

What is blood pressure like in the capillaries?

Back 50

Blood slows down; There is just enough pressure to push water and nutrients into the tissues

Front 51

Blood pressure

Back 51

The blood pressure decreases as blood travels away from the body
The pressure of blood against the vessel wall
Measure it usually in the brachial artery of the arm

Front 52

Blood pressure

Back 52

The blood pressure decreases as blood travels away from the body
The pressure of blood against the vessel wall
Measure it usually in the brachial artery of the arm

Front 53

Systolic pressure

Back 53

Highest arterial pressure
Reached when blood is pumped from the ventricles of the heart

Front 54

Systolic pressure

Back 54

Highest arterial pressure
Reached when blood is pumped from the ventricles of the heart

Front 55

Diastolic pressure

Back 55

Lowest arterial pressure
Occurs while the heart ventricles are relaxing between beats

Front 56

Average blood pressure

Back 56

Blood pressure is the systolic over the diastolic.
Average BP is 120/80

Front 57

Diastolic pressure

Back 57

Lowest arterial pressure
Occurs while the heart ventricles are relaxing between beats

Front 58

Veins

Back 58

Contain valves so blood does not flow backwards
-Walls are thinner but they can expand more; diameter is the same as the artery
-About 70% of our blood is in our veins at all times (Body's resevoir)
-Usually fround near the skins surface

Front 59

Average blood pressure

Back 59

Blood pressure is the systolic over the diastolic.
Average BP is 120/80

Front 60

Veins

Back 60

Contain valves so blood does not flow backwards
-Walls are thinner but they can expand more; diameter is the same as the artery
-About 70% of our blood is in our veins at all times (Body's resevoir)
-Usually found near the skins surface

Front 61

Arteries

Back 61

-Walls contain same tissues as veins - squamous epi., elastic fibers, and smooth muscle

Front 62

Where are the 2 atrioventricular valves of the heart?

Back 62

Located between the atria and ventricles on each side of the heart

Front 63

Where are the 2 semi-lunar valves of the heart?

Back 63

Located between the ventricles and the arteries leaving the heart

Front 64

Septum

Back 64

separates the R from L to keep O2 blood from un-O2 blood

Front 65

Vascular Pathway

Back 65

Blood-> superior/inferior vena cava-> right atrium-> right ventricle-> pulmonary trunk (artery)-> arterioles (inside lungs)-> capillaries-> venules (inside lungs)-> pulmonary veins-> left atrium-> left ventricle-> aorta-> body tissues (arterioles-> capillaries-> venules-> veins and back to heart)

Front 66

What is blood flow in veins dependent upon?

Back 66

1. Skeletal muscle contraction
2. Blood pressure
-Deep breathing b/c
inhaling decreases the
pressure in the chest
allowing blood to flow to
the heart)
3. Valves

Front 67

Hypertension

Back 67

High blood pressure

Front 68

Atherosclerosis

Back 68

Cholesterol buildup
-Angioplasty and/or stents open the artery
-Coronary bypass surgery

Front 69

Heart attack

Back 69

Portion of muscle dies

Front 70

Aneurysm

Back 70

Ballooning of artery

Front 71

Stroke

Back 71

Blocking of valves or burst of vessels

Front 72

Thrombus formation

Back 72

Plaque can cause a clot to form because of the unusual arterial wall surface
If this dislodges, it causes an embolism