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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between the pulmonary circuit in the systemic circuit? |
Pulmonary circuit: carries blood to and from gas exchange surfaces of lungs
Systemic circuit: carries blood to and from the body
*** blood alternates between pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit |
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What are the three types of blood vessels? |
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
Veins: carry blood towards the heart
Capillaries: are networks between arteries and veins (aka Exchange vessels) |
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What are the three layers of the heart wall? |
Outermost --> innermost
Epicardium: same as the visceral pericardium
Myocardium: muscular wall that forms atria and ventricles... Contains cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerves, CT
Endocardium: simple squamous ET that covers the inner surfaces |
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Before birth, the two atria are connected by the ? And seals off at birth, forming the ? |
1 foramen ovale 2 fossa ovalis |
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What are the structural differences between the left and right ventricles? |
Right ventricle wall is thinner, less pressure is required to pump blood through the pulmonary circuit
Right ventricle is pouch shaped… Squeezes blood against the thick wall of the left ventricle as it contracts
Left ventricle is thick walled and round
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What are the two types of heart disease? |
Coronary artery disease (CAD): Areas of partial or complete blockage of coronary circulation
Myocardial infarction (MI): heart attack, sometimes result from CAD |
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Define automaticity |
Cardiac muscle cell tissue contracts automatically |
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True or false: the SA node is the pacemaker because it depolarizes the fastest? |
True |
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What is the difference between systole and diastole? |
Systole: contraction
Diastole: relaxation |
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What is a heart murmur? |
Sounds produced by regurgitation through valves |
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What are the two cardiac centers of the medulla oblongata? |
Cardioacceleratory center: Controls sympathetic neurons… Increases heart rate
Cardioinhibitory center: Controls parasympathetic neurons… Slows heart rate |
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What are the three factors that contribute to end systolic volume (ESV)? |
Preload: is the degree of ventricular stretching during diastole… "more in, more out"
Contractility: The force produced during contraction at a given preload
Afterload: is the tension in the ventricle must produce to open the semilunar valve and eject blood |
